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[Review] Clinical features, investigation, and management of Addison's disease

Addison's disease is the manifestation of adrenal glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid deficiency from T-cell mediated destruction of the adrenal cortex, and is the commonest cause of primary adrenal insufficiency in adults. Due to its vague presentation, diagnosis of Addison's disease is often delayed, and in some cases, individuals present in adrenal crisis. Despite the use of corticosteroid replacement therapy, people with Addison's disease have increased mortality and reduced quality of life.

[Articles] Efficacy and safety of inclisiran in adolescents with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (ORION-16): a two-part, randomised, multicentre clinical trial

In adolescents with HeFH, inclisiran was effective in lowering LDL cholesterol, with sustained efficacy over 2 years, and was well tolerated. These results support inclisiran as a potentially useful addition for the treatment of adolescents with HeFH, providing an infrequent dosing regimen.

[Articles] Temporal changes and genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes (1984–2019; HUNT): a longitudinal, population-based study

Our findings suggest an increasing gap in diabetes prevalence between the most and least genetically susceptible. This suggests that people with a high genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes could be especially affected by a diabetogenic environment and highlights the need for public health measures.

[Articles] 3 months vs 12 months of romosozumab for postmenopausal osteoporosis (LIDA): an open-label, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial

In postmenopausal women at high risk of fracture, 3 months of romosozumab followed by 9 months of denosumab was non-inferior to 12 months of romosozumab in increasing total hip BMD. Given the expense, injection burden, and potential adverse effects of romosozumab, this abbreviated approach could broaden access to this uniquely effective therapy.

[Corrections] Correction to Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology 2026; 14: 105–08

Yoo SGK, Teufel F, Theilmann M, et al. GLP-1 receptor agonists for obesity: eligibility across 99 countries. Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology 2026; 14: 105–08—In this Correspondence, the corresponding author's email address should have been syoo@georgeinstitute.org.au. This correction has been made to the online version as of Jan 12, 2026.

[Corrections] Correction to Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2025; 13: 591–99

Amylidi-Mohr S, Zennaro G, Schneider S, Raio L, Mosimann B, Surbek D. Continuous glucose monitoring in the management of gestational diabetes in Switzerland (DipGluMo): an open-label, single-centre, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2025; 13: 591–99—In this Article, the time above range percentage for the SMGB control group in table 4 should have been 2·3%. This correction has been made to the online version as of Dec 22, 2025.

[Correspondence] Country-level implementation of Europe's Safe Hearts Plan for cardiovascular health

The European Diabetes Forum (EUDF) welcomes the Safe Hearts Plan1 for cardiovascular health in the EU, released on Dec 16, 2025. We strongly support the Safe Hearts Plan's integrated approach to diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease across the three pillars of prevention, early detection and screening, and treatment and care, including rehabilitation. Recognising that diabetes and associated complications contribute substantially to more than 1·7 million cardiovascular disease-related deaths per year in Europe,2 the plan encouragingly includes a specific target for diabetes detection: at least 65% of people aged 25–64 years and at least 80% of people aged 65 and older should have their blood glucose levels measured once a year by a health-care professional.

[Correspondence] Feasibility of general population screening for type 1 diabetes in the UK: the ELSA study

Type 1 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease resulting in loss of insulin-secreting β cells and the subsequent need for lifelong insulin therapy.1 Presymptomatic type 1 diabetes is marked by the presence of two or more islet autoantibodies. Detection at this early stage offers substantial benefits, including improved long-term glucose control, preparation time for insulin therapy, and a reduced risk of diabetic emergencies, such as diabetic ketoacidosis.2 Furthermore, the advent of disease-modifying therapies to delay the need for insulin makes it crucial to identify type 1 diabetes at the presymptomatic stage.

[Comment] Prioritising nutrition alongside paediatric obesity management medications

Paediatric obesity care is entering a period of rapid clinical transformation, driven by the arrival of next generation obesity management medications (OMMs). This shift creates new opportunities for effective treatment but also potentially introduces new risks if nutritional care is not carefully considered and monitored alongside the prescription of these medications.

[Comment] Inclisiran for children: is it worth it?

Familial hypercholesterolaemia is one of the most common inherited metabolic disorders, with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) affecting more than 30 million individuals worldwide, a quarter of whom are children. HeFH is characterised by markedly elevated LDL cholesterol concentrations from birth, resulting in a substantially increased lifetime risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).

[Comment] Gene-environment interactions underlying temporal trends in type 2 diabetes prevalence

The global prevalence of type 2 diabetes has risen dramatically over recent decades, fuelled primarily by the growing burden of obesity and characterised by an earlier onset and a multifaceted spectrum of risk factors.1 Since population-level genetic changes are not likely to be responsible for the rapid rise in diabetes prevalence, it is increasingly recognised that the type 2 diabetes epidemic is primarily driven by the escalating influence of a diabetogenic environment and its interaction with individual genetic susceptibility.

[Comment] 3 months of romosozumab: a pragmatic clinical solution

A longstanding goal in the treatment of osteoporosis has been rejuvenating the ageing skeleton to essentially reverse or cure osteoporosis. Although antiresorptive drugs such as bisphosphonates or denosumab are effective at inhibiting bone resorption, their effects on increasing bone mass are modest and do not involve new bone formation.1 The advent of drugs capable of stimulating new bone formation—teriparatide, abaloparatide, and romosozumab—garnered initial enthusiasm that these drugs could help achieve cures for osteoporosis.

[Comment] More liberal use of bilateral adrenalectomy for bilateral adrenal tumours with cortisol excess

Bilateral adrenal tumours with cortisol hypersecretion represent a common clinical challenge. Adrenal incidentalomas are detected in approximately 4% of abdominal imaging studies, with prevalence increasing with patient age. Approximately 20% of adrenal incidentalomas are bilateral.1 Hormone excess is common in bilateral adrenal lesions, most often due to mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS), which accounts for approximately one-fifth of cases. In contrast to unilateral adrenal tumours, for which adrenalectomy is the standard treatment for overt Cushing's syndrome, the management of bilateral adrenal tumours with hypercortisolism (whether Cushing's syndrome or MACS) is more nuanced, requiring a dynamic, personalised approach.

[Editorial] A new dawn for osteoporosis drug development

On Dec 19, 2025, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced a major milestone by qualifying total hip bone mineral density (BMD), assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, as a surrogate endpoint for fractures in phase 3 trials of investigational drugs in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. The qualification was based on data generated by the Study to Advance Bone Mineral Density as a Regulatory Endpoint (SABRE)—a public–private partnership funded by the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH)—initiated and managed by the FNIH Biomarkers Consortium.

Common Diseases in Clinical Cohorts — Not Always What They Seem

Analyses of U.K. Biobank and clinical cohorts show that rare genetic diseases can be misdiagnosed as common diseases, which may have implications for clinical trials as well as for diagnosis and treatment.