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Not Otherwise Specified — Season 3: The Forever Crisis of Primary Care: Misunderstandings — NOS Episode 3.3

In this episode of NOS, Lisa Rosenbaum and her guests consider the ideals and realities of primary care — and the expectations and misunderstandings that are contributing to its current crisis.

Case 31-2025: A 56-Year-Old Man with Left Lower Abdominal Pain and Anemia

A 56-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of left lower abdominal pain and anemia. He had a 1-year history of recurrent diarrhea and an enterocolonic fistula. A diagnosis was made.

Noninvasive Assessment of Liver Fibrosis

The prognosis of liver disease depends on the extent of fibrosis, which is usually staged with the use of liver biopsy. The limitations of biopsy have led to the development of noninvasive tests, which the authors review.

Orforglipron, an Oral Small-Molecule GLP-1 Receptor Agonist for Obesity Treatment

In this phase 3, randomized trial, the use of orforglipron, an oral glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, led to significant mean body-weight reductions in patients with obesity, as compared with placebo.

Case 36-2025: A 55-Year-Old Woman with Dyspnea, Fatigue, and Gastrointestinal Bleeding

A 55-year-old woman with myasthenia gravis was admitted to the hospital with recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding. Upper and lower endoscopy did not reveal a source of bleeding. A diagnosis was made.

Direct-Acting Antiviral Agents in Hepatitis C–Associated Indolent Lymphomas

In an update of the BArT study, direct-acting antivirals led to durable responses in HCV-associated indolent B-cell lymphomas, with 6-year progression-free survival of 66% and no relapses after a complete response.

A New Therapeutic Broadcast on Hepatitis D, a Satellite Virus

Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is known as a satellite virus because it requires the hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) to enter the hepatocytes and to complete its life cycle. HDV is the smallest human pathogen, with a single-stranded RNA genome that is approximately 1.7 kb long. Yet, chronic… Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is known as a satellite virus because it requires the hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) to enter the hepatocytes and to complete its life cycle. HDV is the smallest human pathogen, with a single-stranded RNA genome that is approximately 1.7 kb long. Yet, chronic…

A Phase 2 Trial of Tobevibart plus Elebsiran in Hepatitis D

Tobevibart plus elebsiran and tobevibart alone both lowered HDV RNA and ALT levels. The combination resulted in a high incidence of undetectable HDV RNA and an HBsAg level below 10 IU/ml at week 48.

CORE Principles in the Management of Severe Hypertriglyceridemia

Management of hypertriglyceridemia for reducing the risk of serious clinical complications, including hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis, has historically been formidable and frustrating for clinicians and patients. Challenges are related to variable success in adherence to the lifestyle modifications that are required to reduce triglyceride levels, the predominantly polygenic and multifactorial determinants… Management of hypertriglyceridemia for reducing the risk of serious clinical complications, including hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis, has historically been formidable and frustrating for clinicians and patients. Challenges are related to variable success in adherence to the lifestyle modifications that are required to reduce triglyceride levels, the predominantly polygenic and multifactorial determinants…

Hepatic Angiosarcoma

A 60-year-old man presented with a 15-day history of generalized weakness and right upper abdominal pain. Imaging studies revealed diffuse disruption of the hepatic architecture by hyperechoic nodules and areas of necrosis and hemorrhage.

Case 3-2026: A 58-Year-Old Woman with Diplopia and Fever

A 58-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital 3 weeks after lumbar surgery because of diplopia and fever. Left leg pain and a rash had preceded the fever and diplopia. A diagnosis was made.

Floppy Eyelid Syndrome

A 39-year-old woman with obesity presented with a 6-week history of foreign-body sensation and tearing in both eyes. She reported daytime fatigue and snoring. Examination showed marked laxity of the upper eyelids.

Case 5-2026: An 18-Year-Old Woman with Headache and Hypertension

An 18-year-old woman with chronic headaches was admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit for a hypertensive emergency. The potassium level was 2.0 mmol per liter. A diagnosis was made.

Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis after Measles Infection

A 7-year-old boy was brought to a hospital with a 3-month history of cognitive deterioration and seizures. He had contracted measles at 7 months of age while living in an area where the infection is endemic.

Trigeminal Trophic Syndrome

A woman presented with a 1-year history of a crawling sensation on her chin that caused her to scratch the area. An irregular ulcer was present on the right side of her chin, with reduced sensation around the mouth, lip, and chin.