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Recent immigration raids increased student absences

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 45, November 2025. Local immigration raids expanded dramatically across the United States during the first 2 mo of 2025. Anecdotal accounts suggest that these raids increased student absences from schools because parents fear being separated from their children. This study …

Divergent evolutionary dynamics of benign and malignant tumors

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 45, November 2025. Benign and malignant (cancerous) tumors differ markedly in their impact on organismal fitness, yet studies in comparative oncology rarely distinguish between them. Using a Bayesian phylogenetic framework across birds and mammals, we show that while both …

Suppression of pair beam instabilities in a laboratory analogue of blazar pair cascades

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 45, November 2025. SignificanceIn this work, a dense beam of electron–positron pairs is produced using protons accelerated by the Super Proton Synchrotron at CERN. The beam is propagated through an ambient plasma, analogous to pair cascades produced as blazar jets propagate …

Quantum higher-order Fourier analysis and the Clifford hierarchy

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 45, November 2025. SignificanceQuantum Fourier analysis is a powerful tool in mathematical physics. Here, we introduce quantum, higher-order Fourier analysis (q-HOFA). We explore some mathematical properties of this theory and show that it provides a way to quantify the …

HIV-1 Vif and Vpr cooperatively modulate the cell cycle to maximize per-cell virion production

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 45, November 2025. SignificanceHIV type 1 (HIV-1) encodes two accessory proteins, Virion Infectivity Factor (Vif) and Viral Protein R (Vpr), that have profound effects on the cell cycle. This study demonstrates that Vif and Vpr cooperate to modulate the cell cycle in ways …

Symmetry transitions beyond the nanoscale in pressurized silica glass

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 45, November 2025. SignificanceMany properties of amorphous systems depend not only on the positional arrangement of the atoms in the nearest neighbor shell but also on the structure of the system on the scale of the 3 to 7 nearest neighbors, the so-called medium range …

Abscisic acid regulates iron accumulation in plant seeds via the PYLs–bHLH IVc–YSLs module

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 45, November 2025. SignificanceFe is essential for plant growth and human nutrition, yet its accumulation must be tightly regulated to avoid toxicity. We uncover a dual role of abscisic acid (ABA) in balancing seed Fe homeostasis: ABA inhibits Fe transport via the PYLs–bHLH …

Amino acid insufficiency impairs hepatic vitamin A mobilization in mice

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 45, November 2025. SignificanceVitamin A is an essential fat-soluble micronutrient that controls critical biological functions. Many organs depend on circulating vitamin A in the form of retinol bound to retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) secreted in the bloodstream from the …

The lower boundary of workplace mistreatment: Do small slights matter?

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 45, November 2025. SignificanceManagers strongly influence how employees behave and perform. While research has focused on serious mistreatment like harassment, much less is known about how minor, everyday slights affect workers. Using data from a national retail chain, we …

LHFPL5 is required for maximal activation of the mechanotransduction channel in cochlear hair cells

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 45, November 2025. SignificanceThe mechanotransduction complex of cochlear hair cells is an astonishing molecular machine consisting of the ion channel subunits TMC1/2, TMIE, and CIB2, the tetraspan LHFPL5, and the tip link proteins PCDH15 and CDH23. Tip links are thought …

The RANK/RANKL axis controls vascular dynamics in the bone marrow

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 45, November 2025. SignificanceReceptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) is a multifunctional cytokine and has been attracting high levels of interest in broader fields of biomedical sciences. In this study, we showed that RANKL from C–X–C motif chemokine …

Conformational regulation of two essential activators of bacterial cell elongation

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 45, November 2025. SignificanceRod-shaped bacteria rely on the Rod complex to synthesize and maintain their peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall during growth. While the enzymatic machinery at its core is well studied, the role of accessory proteins within the complex remains …

Predicted molecules followed by experimental validation for protecting human neurons from oxidative stress–induced cytotoxicity

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 45, November 2025. SignificanceNeurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease (AD) have had a major impact on the aging population worldwide, but currently, there are no effective drugs to treat these diseases. We showed earlier that a 200-amino acid segment of …

Receptive fields from single-neuron recording and MRI reveal similar information coding for binocular depth

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 45, November 2025. SignificanceThe concept of a receptive field (RF) of a neuron is fundamental in sensory neuroscience, defined by the ordered set of sensory stimuli that reliably induce activation of a neuron. Recent advances in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging have …

Mobile species’ responses to surrounding land use generate trade-offs and synergies among nature’s contributions to people

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 45, November 2025. SignificanceLand use affects nature’s contributions to people (NCP), including those provided by mobile species, in complex ways. Variation in species responses to the amount and location of land uses results in NCP trade-offs and synergies across …