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SUPPRESSOR OF LAZY QUADRUPLE 1 acts at ER–plasma membrane contact sites to control a gravitropism pathway in the Arabidopsis stem

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 48, December 2025. SignificanceLand plants use molecular pathways to convert the gravity vector into a signal that guides the growth of organs. The pathways appear more elaborate with each new finding. Currently we know that LAZY family proteins feature in pathways that …

Deconstructing dynamics of symmetry breaking

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 48, December 2025. SignificanceTests of the scaling law in numerical and laboratory experiments have confirmed wide validity of the Kibble–Zurek mechanism (KZM). We focus on the question: Why does the KZM hold? We address this by analyzing the temporal and spatial evolution …

China’s post-zero-COVID Omicron wave: A Bayesian analysis

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 48, December 2025. SignificanceChina’s exit from its “dynamic zero-COVID” policy in late 2022 triggered a major Omicron wave. Our analysis of national surveillance data suggests that approximately 88% of the population was infected by mid-February 2023. Following the policy …

Isoform-specific regulation of PKM by acetylation

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 48, December 2025. SignificancePyruvate kinase (PK) catalyzes the last step in glycolysis, the pathway by which glucose is metabolized. In humans, the M1 isoform of PK (PKM1) is constitutively active, but the activity of the highly homologous PKM2 isoform is regulated by, …

Redox regulation of memory formation by Rrp1 in Drosophila

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 48, December 2025. SignificanceLong-term memory formation relies on activating specific genes and producing proteins that help store or shape memories. In this study, we found that a protein called recombination repair protein 1 (Rrp1) is essential for this process in fruit …

Tattoo ink induces inflammation in the draining lymph node and alters the immune response to vaccination

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 48, December 2025. SignificanceIn this study, we characterized the immune responses to the tattoo ink accumulating in the lymph nodes (LNs). This is very relevant as tattoo ink commonly reaches and persists in this organ in most tattooed subjects, often lifelong. We have …

The importance of local racial demographic changes in democratic erosion in the mass American public

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 48, December 2025. SignificanceOur main takeaway American counties with White decline and Black increase are localities that are susceptible to extremist attitudes. On a granular group-based level, we approach the question of demographic change along the lines of local …

Native metabolomics identifies pteridines as CutA ligands and modulators of copper binding

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 48, December 2025. SignificanceWe identified the molecular class of pteridines as natural ligands of the cryptic CutA protein, including a so far unknown 2’-deoxyxanthopterin B2. Our data showed increased copper binding to CutA in the presence of pteridines. Together, these …

Microbial necromass carbon enhances arsenic methylation in paddy soils

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 48, December 2025. SignificanceMicrobial necromass carbon (MNC) is a key component of soil organic carbon, and methylated arsenic (As) critically affects rice yield. However, the role of MNC in regulating microbial As methylation remains unclear. We found that three MNC …

Migration and the persistence of violence

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 48, December 2025. SignificanceWhy do some regions experience high rates of violence for generations, while others remain safe? This research uncovers a crucial insight: When individuals move from historically dangerous to safer areas, a significant part of their original …

Rroid2 regulates effector-to-memory CD8+ T cell differentiation during infection in vivo

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 48, December 2025. SignificanceLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as key regulators of numerous cellular processes. While thousands of lncRNAs have been identified, the function of most lncRNAs remains unknown. To explore their role in the immune response to …

Inhibition of fusidic acid resistance through restricting conformational flexibility in domain III of EF-G

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 48, December 2025. SignificanceAntibiotic resistance is a significant threat to human health, projected to cause more deaths than cancer by 2050. A lack of new drugs in the development pipeline underlines the importance of exploring alternative solutions. One potential …

Modeling feasible locomotion of nanobots for cancer detection and treatment

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 48, December 2025. SignificanceWe present a mathematical model of nanorobots moving in a colloidal environment within the human body to locate a single, targeted cancer site and deliver localized treatment. The capabilities and behavior of individual agents are inspired by …

Overestimated natural biological nitrogen fixation translates to an exaggerated CO2 fertilization effect in Earth system models

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 48, December 2025. SignificanceEarth system models (ESMs) are used to project climate change, which depends in part on how much carbon plants take up. Nitrogen is an essential limiting nutrient to plant growth and carbon uptake, and it is increasingly incorporated into …

Mechanisms of transport and analgesic compounds recognition by glycine transporter 2

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 48, December 2025. SignificanceChronic pain is a significant health challenge due to the limited efficacy and severe side effects of current treatments. Glycine transporter 2 (GlyT2) is a key regulator of inhibitory neurotransmission in the spinal cord and brainstem, …