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[Review] Prevention and management of infectious diseases in pregnant women with haematological malignancies

The incidence of haematological malignancies during pregnancy ranges from 4·0 to 15·8 cases per 100 000 pregnancies, with Hodgkin lymphoma, acute leukaemia, and aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma being the most frequent subtypes. Although survival rates are similar to those in patients who are not pregnant with similar disease profiles, pregnant women face higher risks of maternal morbidity, along with adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes. Their management, therefore, requires a carefully balanced approach that minimises obstetric risks and ensures effective oncological control.

[Series] Emerging therapeutic strategies for mature T-cell and natural killer-cell lymphomas

Mature T-cell and natural killer-cell neoplasms are a heterogenous group of uncommon lymphomas. Conventional therapy with mainly cytotoxic chemotherapy for this subgroup is suboptimal, and the treatment outcome is unsatisfactory. With the advances in the understanding of disease biology, considerable progress has been made in recent years. Monoclonal antibodies or antibody–drug conjugates targeting T-cell lymphoma surface antigens have been approved, including brentuximab vedotin, for the treatment of CD30-positive nodal and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, and mogamulizumab, for mycosis fungoides and adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma.

[Articles] Incidence, mortality, and survival associated with acute leukaemia subtypes by age group in China: a population-based cancer registry analysis and cohort study

This comprehensive nationwide study of acute leukaemia incidence, mortality and survival outcomes across China establishes age-specific epidemiological benchmarks, enabling ongoing risk factor monitoring, while supporting expanded transplantation access for eligible patients and highlighting the urgent need for novel, less toxic therapies for older patients who bear a disproportionately higher disease burden.

[Articles] Indicators of inequity in research and funding for sickle cell disease, cystic fibrosis and haemophilia: a descriptive comparative study

The comparative evidence provided support the view that sickle cell disease is neglected compared with cystic fibrosis and haemophilia in relation to research and funding in the UK. The highest value for each indicator, often observed for cystic fibrosis, provides a benchmark target for the other two conditions. More dedicated research funding would likely have a ripple effect on other indicators, which could guide public health policies and have a major effect on the quality of life of people living with sickle cell disease.

[Articles] Rituximab, bendamustine, and cytarabine followed by venetoclax in older patients with high-risk mantle cell lymphoma (FIL_V-RBAC): a multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 study

To our knowledge, this is the first prospective study to stratify patients with mantle cell lymphoma to different treatments according to their risk profile. Our results suggest that the addition of fixed-duration venetoclax improves the performance of RBAC in patients with a high-risk disease profile. Our findings point to the importance of identifying patients with high-risk disease at initial diagnosis.

[In Focus] Establishing a sustainable academic point-of-care network for CAR T-cell therapy

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has revolutionised the treatment of B-cell malignancies, offering durable responses for patients with relapsed or refractory disease. However, access globally remains limited due to high costs, centralised production models, and logistical challenges. Despite approvals from the US Food and Drug Administration, European Medicines Agency, and other regulatory bodies, less than 5% of eligible patients worldwide receive CAR T-cell therapy. Socioeconomic and geographical barriers, as well as delays related to complex manufacturing, further challenge timely access.

[In Focus] Pattanee Winichagoon—tackling malnutrition in rural Thailand

“Back then, the health perspective seemed to be that anaemia is something that needs treatment, that it's curative instead of preventative”, explains Pattanee Winichagoon, Associate Professor and Senior Adviser to the Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Thailand. From her fieldwork experience with pregnant women in rural Thailand in the 1980s, she recalls that anaemia was as high as 35% in pregnant women in Thailand. “The problem of anaemia was certainly identified as a very serious one”, says Winichagoon, and she was keen to understand why it was so difficult to establish iron supplementation programmes in these communities.

[Comment] Advancing understanding of mature T-cell and natural killer-cell lymphomas

Mature T-cell and natural killer-cell lymphomas are rare, aggressive, and heterogenous malignancies, accounting for approximately 10–15% of non-Hodgkin lymphomas globally. Their striking geographic, ethnic, and molecular variations reflect the interplay between genetic predispositions, environmental exposures, and oncogenic drivers. For decades, outcomes have lagged behind those of aggressive B-cell lymphomas. This Series about mature T-cell and natural killer-cell lymphomas, published in The Lancet Regional Health—Western Pacific and The Lancet Haematology, offers a comprehensive, integrated perspective.

[Editorial] Sickle cell disease: a neglected health priority

September is National Sickle Cell Awareness Month in the USA, designated by Congress to help focus attention on the need for research and treatment of sickle cell disease. The Sickle Cell Disease Association of America (SCDAA)'s theme for this year is “Sickle Cell Matters 2025” and calls for Americans to donate blood, raise awareness, and dispel myths surrounding the disease. Sickle cell disease affects over 100 000 individuals in the USA, and there are about 7·7 million people living with the disease worldwide, with prevalence growing globally.

[Viewpoint] Lenacapavir-associated drug resistance: implications for scaling up long-acting HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis

Although drug resistance could emerge if lenacapavir is initiated during undiagnosed acute infection or if infection occurs during the drug's pharmacokinetic tail, these cases will not compromise the effectiveness of WHO-recommended therapies, as there is no cross-resistance between lenacapavir and other licensed antiretroviral drugs. Lenacapavir pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is also unlikely to drive population-level lenacapavir resistance given the rarity of breakthrough infections and the reduced replication capacity of most lenacapavir-resistant variants, which most likely reduces their transmission potential.

[Personal View] Lessons for long-acting lenacapavir: catalysing equitable PrEP access in low-income and middle-income countries

Despite substantial advances in biomedical HIV prevention, including long-acting injectable pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) options such as cabotegravir, barriers to widespread adoption and scale-up persist in low-income and middle-income countries. Long-acting injectable lenacapavir is a potentially transformative HIV prevention tool, providing an unprecedented opportunity to accelerate progress. However, the global HIV response is under threat like never before, with drastic funding cuts undermining the gains of the past 25 years.

[Articles] The impact of cuts in the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief funding for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in sub-Saharan Africa: a modelling study

Our projections show the substantial detrimental impacts that cuts to PEPFAR funding could have. Mitigation measures, including funding through alternative international donors or domestic government budgets, are needed to maintain and increase existing coverage levels of PrEP and therefore prevent the detrimental impact of PEPFAR's funding cuts, particularly in high coverage countries.

[Articles] Dynamic choice HIV prevention with long-acting injectable cabotegravir pre-exposure prophylaxis in east, central, southern, and west Africa: a cost-effectiveness modelling analysis

Offering structured PrEP and PEP choice including long-acting cabotegravir and enabling risk-informed use could reduce HIV incidence by a third over 10 years. If projected generic production costs of long-acting cabotegravir can be realised, it is likely to be cost-effective across multiple settings in east, central, southern, and west Africa.

[Articles] Epstein–Barr virus and cytomegalovirus co-infections and mortality risk in patients with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis: a post-hoc analysis of a prospective nested cohort in the AMBITION-cm randomised controlled trial

These data indicate that cytomegalovirus might be an important copathogen in this context, and that cytomegalovirus viraemia represents a potentially modifiable risk factor to reduce mortality among adults with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis. Interventional trials are now required and planned to determine whether treatment of cytomegalovirus viraemia improves outcomes in advanced HIV disease.

[Articles] Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of an adult-specific pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, V116, in people living with HIV (STRIDE-7): a two-part, parallel-group, randomised, active comparator-controlled, international, phase 3 trial

V116 was well tolerated and immunogenic for all 21 serotypes, supporting the use of this vaccine in adults living with HIV. Adults at high risk of pneumococcal disease due to underlying comorbid conditions, such as HIV, might benefit from receiving V116. The serotypes in V116, including the eight unique serotypes, are expected to provide broader protection against pneumococcal disease than currently licensed vaccines.