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[Corrections] Correction to Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2025; 10: 896–903

Budzyń K, Romańczyk M, Kitala D, et al. Endoscopist deskilling risk after exposure to artificial intelligence in colonoscopy: a multicentre, observational study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2025; 10: 896–903—A covariate (indication for colonoscopy) had been mistakenly omitted from the multivariable analysis presented in supplementary table 6 in the appendix of this Article. The appendix has been updated with the corrected analysis; the only affected findings are for the variables “After AI introduction (using AI in colonoscopy)” and “Age >60 years”.

[Correspondence] Peripheral blood DNA methylation signatures to predict treatment response in Crohn's disease - Authors' reply

We appreciate the interest in our study from Hui Li and colleagues. Patient selection was a key consideration in the design of our study, requiring a balance between cohort homogeneity and practical feasibility. Because anti-TNF medication is commonly used as first-line therapy, the switch from infliximab to adalimumab is well reflected in our cohort. We acknowledge, in agreement with Li and colleagues, that this introduces an element of heterogeneity. However, it is worth noting that the earlier work by Lin and colleagues,1 which included only patients who were anti-TNF-naive, was unable to develop a pretreatment prediction model independent of dosage.

[Correspondence] Lessons learned from the BOSS trial

We welcome the discussion of the BOSS trial1 by Rebecca C Fitzgerald and Peter Sasieni.2 Interpretation of these data is important to inform future guidelines. The authors suggest that using all-cause mortality as our primary endpoint was a mistake. The choice of outcome measure for cancer screening programmes has been debated and there are strong arguments for using all-cause mortality as a hard endpoint, free from bias of attributing cause of death, particularly when trial allocation cannot be masked.

[Correspondence] Refining the faecal incontinence core outcome set – Authors' reply

We thank Zubing Mei and colleagues for their thoughtful comments. The aim of a core outcome set (COS) is to facilitate the standardisation of outcomes to be measured and reported in clinical trials for a specific condition.1 In the case of this COS, the focus lies on ambulatory patients with faecal incontinence who form the majority of the research population, as shown in the European guidelines.2,3 Although we agree that some outcomes might be more or less relevant to specific subgroups, such as those with minimal mobility and those who depend on caregivers, a single COS cannot cater to all variations without losing its standardising function.

[Correspondence] Pre-emptive TIPS for gastric varices

We read with interest the GAVAPROSEC trial by Jean-Paul Cervoni and colleagues, which reported pre-emptive transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (p-TIPS) to be a superior modality for secondary prophylaxis of gastric variceal bleeding compared with non-selective beta-blockers (NSBB).1 The results are similar to those reported in previous clinical trials on TIPS in gastric variceal bleeding.2,3 Although the results from this trial are encouraging, several aspects merit further clarification.

[Comment] Addressing Africa's marginalisation in hepatocellular carcinoma clinical trials

Hepatocellular carcinoma remains a substantial global public health concern, disproportionately affecting low-income and middle-income countries, particularly in Africa.1 Its burden in Africa is amplified by region-specific epidemiological features, risk factors, and genetic diversity.2 In sub-Saharan Africa, hepatocellular carcinoma is often characterised by an early onset, aggressive disease progression, and notably poor prognosis, with median survival as short as 2·5 months after diagnosis, due to late-stage presentations.

[Comment] Filtered hopes and full-spectrum realities

Given the time constraints in clinical care and research, few clinicians would invest time in writing a case report on a failed treatment approach. This publication bias explains why we should be inherently skeptical of surprising or counterintuitive medical results suggested by a case report or even a case series. Nevertheless, these same case reports can also be seeds of innovation, triggering exciting bedside to bench reverse translation. In 2017, Ott and colleagues published a case series in which they used processed faecal donations from healthy volunteers to treat recurrent Clostridioides difficile infections.

[Comment] Prioritising phosphatidylethanol to aid classification and treatment of steatotic liver disease

In 2023, a multinational consortium of liver experts introduced a revised nomenclature for steatotic liver disease.1 Steatotic liver disease was divided into metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), which was previously known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and alcohol-related liver disease (ALD). A key gap in the old nomenclature was how to categorise patients whose clinical profile combined steatosis, metabolic risk factors, and ongoing alcohol consumption. In the updated framework, individuals who meet MASLD criteria and consume alcohol within the range of 140–350 g per week for women and 210–420 g per week for men are placed in a new hybrid category: metabolic dysfunction and ALD (MetALD).

[Editorial] Foodborne pathogen surveillance cut by the CDC

The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have quietly scaled back the USA's most robust tracking system for foodborne illness. The Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (or FoodNet) had monitored eight disease-causing pathogens across ten states for nearly three decades; this has now been slashed to just two bugs—salmonella and Escherichia coli. According to CDC spokespeople, the change will allow them to better prioritise and steward resources, with the two chosen pathogens among the top contributors to foodborne illness, hospitalisation, and death.

[Editorial] Childhood obesity tops underweight, says UNICEF

For the first time in recorded history, children are more likely to be obese than underweight. UNICEF's new child nutrition report shows the prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents aged 5–19 years rising in 2025 to 9·4%, surpassing the 9·2% of children with underweight. The crossover corresponds with a shift in childhood food environments, the report explains: unhealthy food and drink is ever cheaper, more convenient, and aggressively marketed in all the right (wrong) places—at schools and corner shops, as well as online.

[Policy Review] Artificial Intelligence for Response Assessment in Pediatric Neuro-Oncology (AI-RAPNO), part 2: challenges, opportunities, and recommendations for clinical translation

The Response Assessment in Pediatric Neuro-Oncology (RAPNO) criteria provide an important framework for evaluating treatment efficacy and tumour progression in clinical studies of paediatric brain tumours. As artificial intelligence (AI) rapidly transforms clinical practice, integrating AI into the RAPNO framework presents a unique opportunity to enhance quantitative, data-driven approaches for response assessment. However, successful clinical implementation faces challenges, including variability in imaging protocols, scarce annotated datasets, and regulatory and ethical considerations.

[Policy Review] Artificial Intelligence for Response Assessment in Pediatric Neuro-Oncology (AI-RAPNO), part 1: review of the current state of the art

Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to enable more precise, efficient, and reproducible interpretation of medical imaging data to improve patient care in paediatric neuro-oncology. Paediatric brain tumours present distinct histopathological, molecular, and clinical challenges that require tailored AI solutions. Recent advances have led to paediatric-specific AI tools for tumour segmentation, treatment response evaluation, recurrence prediction, toxicity assessment, and integrative multimodal analysis.

[Policy Review] Measurable residual disease-guided interventions in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia undergoing allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation: best practice recommendations from the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Practice Harmonisation and Guidelines Committee

Measurable residual disease (MRD) is a key predictor of relapse, the primary cause of treatment failure after allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) in acute myeloid leukaemia. This Policy Review, based on guidance from the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation, provides practical recommendations for incorporating MRD assessment into clinical decision making during the transplantation process, the application of which remains challenging in acute myeloid leukaemia due to technical limitations and the limited availability of standardised, evidence-based approaches.

[Review] Tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy comes of age in the era of genetic engineering

Advances in cancer immunotherapy from immune checkpoint modulation to adoptive cell transfer of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have greatly improved outcomes for patients with advanced cancers, particularly metastatic melanoma. The approval of TIL therapy in 2024 following two independent landmark clinical trials has established this approach as a viable treatment option, with response rates of up to 50% in treatment-resistant melanoma. Genetic engineering offers new opportunities to further improve TIL efficacy and durability, including viral vector-mediated overexpression of cytokines or chimeric receptors, and non-viral genome editing techniques such as CRISPR-Cas9 to delete inhibitory genes such as PD-1 and CISH.

[Articles] Physical examinations and whole-body imaging versus physical examinations alone during follow-up after radical surgery of stage IIB–C and III cutaneous malignant melanoma (TRIM): an interim analysis of a multicentre, randomised, phase 3 trial in Sweden

This interim analysis indicated that there is no benefit from imaging in the follow-up programme for individuals with high-risk cutaneous malignant melanoma. However, only a few participants have completed the follow-up time of 5 years, and the numerical difference between the study groups in distant metastasis-free survival motivates us to continue the study according to protocol.