[Comment] Addressing Africa's marginalisation in hepatocellular carcinoma clinical trials

Hepatocellular carcinoma remains a substantial global public health concern, disproportionately affecting low-income and middle-income countries, particularly in Africa.1 Its burden in Africa is amplified by region-specific epidemiological features, risk factors, and genetic diversity.2 In sub-Saharan Africa, hepatocellular carcinoma is often characterised by an early onset, aggressive disease progression, and notably poor prognosis, with median survival as short as 2·5 months after diagnosis, due to late-stage presentations.