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Neurology
11th Mar, 2026
The Lancet
The proportion of patients who had a first unprovoked seizure, died, or discontinued at 6 months did not differ significantly between the eslicarbazepine acetate and placebo groups. However, the trial was underpowered owing to slow recruitment and the COVID-19 pandemic, producing wide confidence intervals. The findings indicate that antiepileptogenesis studies are feasible, and guide the design of adequately powered trials with clinically meaningful endpoints.
The study did not meet its primary efficacy endpoint. Based on the efficacy and safety data from this phase 3 study, the benefit–risk profile of fordadistrogene movaparvovec was determined to be negative. Thus, the study sponsor has discontinued any further clinical development of this investigational gene therapy agent.
Intensive task-specific training supplemented with strength training provided in people with recent SCI did not result in significant benefits on our primary and secondary clinical outcomes. The evidence does not support any beneficial effect of additional training for those receiving usual inpatient rehabilitation care from a multi-disciplinary team.
When patients confront neurological symptoms—from traumatic brain injuries through to diseases such as glioblastoma—they are often left pondering questions: “Why did this happen to me?”, “Will it happen again?”, “Why did I survive?”. Performers at the most recent annual Edinburgh Festival Fringe—the world's largest arts festival, which ran in Edinburgh, UK, on Aug 1–25, 2025—tackled many of those questions head on, using a mixture of theatrical formats. American actress Natalie Grove's Jello Brain was truly immersive: a sparse stage surrounded by black drapes and a simple set of props meant that the audience's entire focus was on Grove, who rose to the challenge admirably, delivering a confident and powerful performance while making constant—and, at times, uncomfortable—eye contact with the crowd.
Filmmakers have increasingly focused on dementia, capturing both the dread of memory loss and the tenderness of caregiving. What began as television dramas in the 1980s has exponentially grown into a cinematic genre, with more than 275 titles tracing the slow unravelling of memory. The impact of these films has grown due to global distribution and streaming for home viewing and has increased awareness of chronic neurological disorders that devastatingly disrupt healthy ageing. Western cinema often portrays dementia through loss of dignity and rising squalor (Iris, 2001; A Song for Martin, 2001), episodes of disorientation and bursts of aggression (Relic, 2020; Falling, 2020), and patients’ reluctance to be institutionalised (The Savages, 2007; Fred Won’t Move Out, 2012).
Bianca Raffaelli is a neurologist, associate professor (Privatdozentin), and senior consultant at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany. After her postdoctoral research training at the Danish Headache Center in Copenhagen, Denmark, she now leads the outpatient headache centre and the headache research group at Charité. Her work focuses on migraine, with an emphasis on women's health, sex differences, and translational clinical research.
“Cognitive health is not only the absence of cognitive impairment. It's the ability to maintain mental efficiency, flexibility, and emotional balance despite the burden of the disease. Cognitive deficits in multiple sclerosis involve attention, memory, information processing speed, executive function, but also motivation and the capacity to adapt”. Maria Pia Amato (University of Florence, Italy) has her mind set on redefining the importance of cognitive health in patients with multiple sclerosis.
Solomon T, Hooper C, Easton A, et al. Safety and efficacy of adjunct dexamethasone in adults with herpes simplex virus encephalitis in the UK (DexEnceph): a multicentre, observer-blind, randomised, phase 3, controlled trial. Lancet Neurol 2026; 25: 136–46—In this Article, the dose of dexamethasone in the Summary, Methods and Research in Context panel should have read “10 mg four times daily for 4 days”. An NIHR disclaimer has been added. Additionally, the first sentence of the Results section should have read: “Between Sept 9, 2016, and Feb 21, 2022, 1427 patients with suspected encephalitis admitted to 53 hospitals in the UK.” Furthermore, in the sixth paragraph of the Results, in the fourth sentence, the number of patients in the control group tested for NMDAR antibodies in serum at 26 weeks has been corrected to four, and in the final sentence, “negative for NMDAR” has been corrected to “negative for NMDAR antibodies”.
The Lancet Neurology. The value of patient experience in multiple sclerosis research. Lancet Neurol 2026; 25: 115—In this Editorial, the third sentence of the second paragraph should have read “PROs have been used as primary endpoints for other neurological disorders, such as myasthenia gravis, but not multiple sclerosis, for reasons that include the historical reliance on other outcomes and the heterogeneous and fluctuating nature of the disease.” This correction has been made to the online version as of Jan 22, 2026.
Wilson H, Dervenoulas G, Pagano G, et al. Serotonergic pathology and disease burden in the premotor and motor phase of A53T α-synuclein parkinsonism: a cross-sectional study. Lancet Neurol 2019; 18: 748–59—In the Study design and participants section of this Article, the following text was deleted from the end of the first sentence“, and patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (cohort 1) from specialist Movement Disorders clinics at King's College Hospital, London, UK” and the following two sentences were added to the end of the penultimate paragraph: “The [11C] DASB PET scans for the idiopathic Parkinson's disease control group in the analyses of cohort 1 were provided through the TRANSEURO study.
The perception of faces where none exist can be a window into how the brain makes sense of the world. This phenomenon, known as pareidolia, reveals the fundamental architecture of visual cognition: a dynamic interplay between bottom-up sensory processing and top-down interpretative prediction.1,2 Pareidolia can be a symptom in disorders that affect visual perception or attentional control, and in conditions in which the interpretation of ambiguous stimuli becomes biased towards socially meaningful patterns, such as faces.
We read the Review by Julian Agin-Liebes and colleagues on the α-synuclein biomarker assays,1 and disagree with the authors’ interpretation of the false-positive rate of immunostaining with an anti-pS129-α-synuclein antibody. The Review concludes that this method had false-positive rates as high as 20% in healthy controls, which could lead to one in every five healthy individuals being incorrectly diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. To support this statement, the authors cite only one study.2 Their statement of a high rate of false positives is not supported by other studies discussed in the Review nor by several pioneer studies in the field published before 2019, which indicate that the positivity rate in healthy controls ranges from 0% to 3·3%.
As neurology advances through research networks of collaboration, patient-centred trial designs, and fundamental neuroscience discoveries, The Lancet Neurology remains anchored in the generosity and rigour of our peer reviewers. In 2025, your constructive critiques did more than refine manuscripts—you amplified diverse voices, mentored early-career researchers into the practice of peer-review, and upheld the integrity that translates science into real-world patient benefit. Your work underpins the messages we champion: collaboration, clinical impact, and leadership that expands opportunities for the next generation.
Antibody-mediated neuroimmunological diseases, such as myasthenia gravis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) frequently affect women during their reproductive years. Yet, counselling around family planning and pregnancy for people with these conditions has long been characterised by uncertainty and therapeutic hesitation. The systematic exclusion of women of childbearing age, including those who are pregnant, from clinical trials is rooted in legitimate safety concerns following historical tragedies, such as thalidomide use in the 1950s and 1960s.
Epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease are bidirectionally related. Epilepsy is often complicated by progressive cognitive impairments, and late-onset epilepsy (onset generally after 55–65 years of age) is a strong risk factor (≥2-fold) for dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Conversely, people with Alzheimer's disease have a 2-fold or higher increased risk of seizures or epilepsy than the age-matched general population.1–4 Risk factors for dementia among people with epilepsy include late-onset epilepsy, treatment resistance, high seizure burden, long duration of epilepsy, structural brain lesions, APOE ε4 alleles carriership, and vascular risk factors.
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