[Comment] Alzheimer's disease and epileptic activity: uncertainties abound

Epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease are bidirectionally related. Epilepsy is often complicated by progressive cognitive impairments, and late-onset epilepsy (onset generally after 55–65 years of age) is a strong risk factor (≥2-fold) for dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Conversely, people with Alzheimer's disease have a 2-fold or higher increased risk of seizures or epilepsy than the age-matched general population.1–4 Risk factors for dementia among people with epilepsy include late-onset epilepsy, treatment resistance, high seizure burden, long duration of epilepsy, structural brain lesions, APOE ε4 alleles carriership, and vascular risk factors.