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Amino acid insufficiency impairs hepatic vitamin A mobilization in mice

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 45, November 2025. SignificanceVitamin A is an essential fat-soluble micronutrient that controls critical biological functions. Many organs depend on circulating vitamin A in the form of retinol bound to retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) secreted in the bloodstream from the …

The lower boundary of workplace mistreatment: Do small slights matter?

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 45, November 2025. SignificanceManagers strongly influence how employees behave and perform. While research has focused on serious mistreatment like harassment, much less is known about how minor, everyday slights affect workers. Using data from a national retail chain, we …

LHFPL5 is required for maximal activation of the mechanotransduction channel in cochlear hair cells

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 45, November 2025. SignificanceThe mechanotransduction complex of cochlear hair cells is an astonishing molecular machine consisting of the ion channel subunits TMC1/2, TMIE, and CIB2, the tetraspan LHFPL5, and the tip link proteins PCDH15 and CDH23. Tip links are thought …

The RANK/RANKL axis controls vascular dynamics in the bone marrow

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 45, November 2025. SignificanceReceptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) is a multifunctional cytokine and has been attracting high levels of interest in broader fields of biomedical sciences. In this study, we showed that RANKL from C–X–C motif chemokine …

Conformational regulation of two essential activators of bacterial cell elongation

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 45, November 2025. SignificanceRod-shaped bacteria rely on the Rod complex to synthesize and maintain their peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall during growth. While the enzymatic machinery at its core is well studied, the role of accessory proteins within the complex remains …

Predicted molecules followed by experimental validation for protecting human neurons from oxidative stress–induced cytotoxicity

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 45, November 2025. SignificanceNeurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease (AD) have had a major impact on the aging population worldwide, but currently, there are no effective drugs to treat these diseases. We showed earlier that a 200-amino acid segment of …

Receptive fields from single-neuron recording and MRI reveal similar information coding for binocular depth

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 45, November 2025. SignificanceThe concept of a receptive field (RF) of a neuron is fundamental in sensory neuroscience, defined by the ordered set of sensory stimuli that reliably induce activation of a neuron. Recent advances in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging have …

Mobile species’ responses to surrounding land use generate trade-offs and synergies among nature’s contributions to people

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 45, November 2025. SignificanceLand use affects nature’s contributions to people (NCP), including those provided by mobile species, in complex ways. Variation in species responses to the amount and location of land uses results in NCP trade-offs and synergies across …

Energetically expensive dynamo action in Earth’s basal magma ocean

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 45, November 2025. SignificanceIt is argued that the early geomagnetic field must have been maintained in a relatively thin molten silicate ocean situated just above Earth’s liquid metal core. Our detailed 3D numerical models show that such thin layer dynamos can indeed …

Reprogramming tumor microenvironment via systemic delivery of TLR3 agonist and manganese nanoparticle

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 45, November 2025. SignificanceDespite the promise of Toll-like receptor agonists as immune adjuvants, their antitumor efficacy has been limited in the clinic. Here, we report the development of a lipid nanoparticle system (PLCMP) designed for codelivery of a TLR3 agonist …

Drug-loaded bispecific T cell nanoengager overcomes T cell exhaustion for potent cancer immunotherapy

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 45, November 2025. SignificancePersistent tumor antigen exposure leads to T cell exhaustion during bispecific T cell engager (BiTE) therapy. T cell exhaustion is a condition in which T cells lose the ability to effectively kill tumors. To address this, we have developed a …

Restoration of cGAS in cancer cells promotes antitumor immunity via transfer of cancer cell–generated cGAMP

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 45, November 2025. SignificanceCancer cells are among the most numerous cell types that comprise the tumor microenvironment, but with respect to immune therapy, they are often underutilized. Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonists are a promising class of innate …

Glycolipid nanoparticles target the spleen and detarget the liver without charge

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 45, November 2025. SignificanceLipid nanoparticles deliver mRNA to the liver in people, but delivery to other tissues is challenging. Liver detargeting is important because it increases the availability of drug to deliver to other organs (e.g., the spleen). To produce lipid …

Neuronal normalization in monkey MT is an intensity-weighted average

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 45, November 2025. SignificanceSensory neurons must remain selective for specific features in a scene, even when many stimuli fall within their receptive fields (RFs). In natural vision, this selectivity is preserved by a process called normalization, which adjusts a neuron’…

Robert Haselkorn (1934–2025): Pioneer in molecular biology and microbiology

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 45, November 2025. Robert Haselkorn (1934–2025) began a long and impactful career during the early years of nucleic acids research when the foundations of molecular biology were being laid. Focusing first on plant viruses, and then also bacteriophage, he hit upon a …