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Medical News
19th Dec, 2025
phys.org
Mountain permafrost is warming and thawing worldwide due to climate change, with ground temperature being a key control of its mechanical stability. Heat conduction is the dominant mode of heat transfer in frozen ground, and thermal diffusivity governs the rate at which temperature changes propagate through the subsurface. Despite its relevance, there are few field-based estimates of thermal diffusivity.
For people living in the EU, the price of their next car, home renovation and even local produce may soon reflect a climate policy that many have never even heard of. This new regulation, which comes fully into force on New Year's Day, does not just target heavy industry—it affects everyday goods which now face an added carbon cost when they enter Europe.
Anyone seeing a white jacaranda (Jacaranda puberula), also known as caroba, blooming in the sandbank forest might assume that the leafy tree could not survive in such sandy soil. They would be right. This type of Atlantic Forest, located very close to the sea, is characterized by species that thrive in acidic soil with few nutrients.
General Medicine
31st Dec, 2025
The Lancet
With trepidation, I stood frozen to the spot, holding the cold, metal key between my fingers. Bracing myself, I slid the key into the lock and turned it. Treading lightly up the stairs, heart pounding in my ears. My daily ritual, walking on eggshells, never sure what awaited me at home each day when I returned from school.
In these uncertain, volatile, and unprecedented times, the role of science is more important than ever. Scientific advances that benefit humanity and ensure planetary sustainability for current and future generations are essential and addressing the myriad of complex challenges scientists face requires synergistic partnerships and collaborations within and between countries. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted our interconnectedness and shared vulnerability but has also underscored the huge divides between high-income countries and low-income and middle-income countries, in terms of manufacturing capacity, research capabilities, investments in science, and access to affordable biotechnologies.
We hypothesise that amylin receptor agonists (eg, pramlintide) and dual amylin and calcitonin-receptor agonists (eg, cagrilintide), which are emerging treatments for obesity and type 2 diabetes, can activate the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and potentially undermine the cardiorenal benefits of these therapies. Paradoxically, new-generation amylin-based therapies, such as CagriSema, showed substantial blood pressure reductions in phase 3 trials. Beyond amylin's weight loss-mediated effects, we hypothesise that concurrent use of RAS inhibitors (angiotensin-converting enzyme [ACE] inhibitors or angiotensin-receptor blockers) redirects amylin-induced RAS activation towards the protective alternative RAS pathway, which is characterised by vasodilatory, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative effects via Mas receptors, potentially explaining part of their therapeutic benefit and cardioprotective and renoprotective potential.
Gao J, Li M, Sun M, et al. Efficacy and safety of allogeneic CD19 CAR NK-cell therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus: a case series in China. Lancet 2025; 406: 2968–79—In figure 3A of this Article, data from the first graph were erroneously added to the second graph. Appendix 2 has also been corrected. These corrections have been made to the online version as of Dec 18, 2025, and the printed version is correct.
We thank Prashanth Vas and Patrick Chong for their positive comments regarding the conduct of the SWHSI-2 study.1 It is pleasing that the authors acknowledge the importance of the study results in the context of diabetic foot care and that the study population reflects the clinical reality of this patient population.
We congratulate Catherine Arundel and colleagues on the publication of the SWHSI-2 trial1 and commend the authors and collaborators on successfully recruiting 686 patients (1895 screened) into this landmark study—an exemplary achievement under any circumstance, but truly outstanding considering the profound disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic to National Health Service (NHS) acute care services. The authors’ effort is a remarkable demonstration of the UK's continued commitment to advancing evidence-based medicine, and it stands as a testament to the resilience of the UK's clinical research infrastructure.
We thank Mijna Hadders-Algra and colleagues for their engagement with our Lancet Seminar on cerebral palsy.1 The pace of discovery in cerebral palsy exceeding the capacity of any single article to fully describe the condition is indeed a welcome problem. The expansion of evidence and innovation across all aspects of cerebral palsy care, from discovery to implementation, speaks to the commitment of people with lived experience, clinicians, researchers, and philanthropists, who have together driven a transformation in outcomes.
We read with great interest the Seminar by Inona Novak and colleagues. Their paper provides a broad and eloquent overview of the many aspects of cerebral palsy.1 However, what a paper wins in width, it typically loses in depth. This loss occurred in the text on early detection within the Diagnosis section, including in figure 1. In infants younger than 5 months (corrected age), Novak and colleagues recommend the use of two neurological assessments: the General Movements Assessment (GMA) and the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE).
Over the past 3·5 years, the largest child abduction case since World War 2 has unfolded—19 500 children have been forcibly transferred from Ukraine to Russia and Russian-occupied territory.1,2 Russia has used health professionals to conduct and legitimise the abduction of children from Ukraine: psychologists issued necessary documents for children to be transferred to Russia under the guise of medical rehabilitation1 and facilitated the illegal placement of Ukrainian children in Russian families.
The war in Sudan has resulted in one of the largest and fastest-growing displacement crises of the 21st century. Gender-based violence is both a catalyst for displacement and a profound consequence of it. In Darfur, where communities have endured repeated attacks, women and girls face a collapse of protection that exposes them to severe and widespread sexual violence at every stage of displacement. This convergence of displacement and gender-based violence represents a serious public health emergency that demands urgent global attention.
We write with profound moral urgency to highlight the relentless suffering endured by the people of Darfur, Sudan. The ongoing violence driven by militia groups has led to mass displacement and widespread human rights abuses, demanding immediate international attention and collective intervention.1 Silence in the face of this unfolding catastrophe is no longer an option; the scale and severity of the crisis call for urgent action. Since early 2003, Darfur has been engulfed in a ceaseless cycle of conflict marked by recurrent violence, ethnic atrocities, and targeted campaigns against civilian populations.
A strength of the People's Health Movement (PHM), now 25 years old, is its capacious view of health and the determinants of health. In their People's Charter for Health, PHM underlines the economic, social, political, and environmental challenges to health, including war, violence, conflict, and natural disasters. They call for a people-centred health sector in which “governments promote, finance, and provide comprehensive Primary Health Care as the most effective way of addressing health problems and organising public health services so as to ensure free and universal access”.
What's New: Drugs
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