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Medical News
15th Jan, 2026
PNAS
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026. SignificanceCompared to other primates, humans have remarkably large brains relative to their body sizes. The resultant high demands for glucose may have been supported by changes in the gut microbiota (GM), which can influence host metabolism. In this …
Medical Journal
13th Jan, 2026
Nature Medicine's Advance Online Publication (AOP) table of contents.
Nature Medicine, Published online: 09 January 2026; doi:10.1038/s41591-025-04171-y In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing autologous mRNA-engineered BCMA-targeting CAR T cell therapy versus placebo in patients with generalized myasthenia gravis, a significantly higher percentage of patients exhibited a reduction in disease activity in the treatment arm than in the placebo arm. Nature Medicine, Published online: 09 January 2026; doi:10.1038/s41591-025-04171-y In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing autologous mRNA-engineered BCMA-targeting CAR T cell therapy versus placebo in patients with generalized myasthenia gravis, a significantly higher percentage of patients exhibited a reduction in disease activity in the treatment arm than in the placebo arm.
Nature Medicine, Published online: 09 January 2026; doi:10.1038/s41591-025-04170-z Analysis of a placebo-controlled trial of a BCMA-targeting CAR-T cell therapy in patients with myasthenia gravis shows that CAR-T cell infusion selectively remodels the systemic immune environment, with elimination of BCMA-high plasma cells and activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells and changes in the autoreactive B cell repertoire. Nature Medicine, Published online: 09 January 2026; doi:10.1038/s41591-025-04170-z Analysis of a placebo-controlled trial of a BCMA-targeting CAR-T cell therapy in patients with myasthenia gravis shows that CAR-T cell infusion selectively remodels the systemic immune environment, with elimination of BCMA-high plasma cells and activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells and changes in the autoreactive B cell repertoire.
Nature Medicine, Published online: 09 January 2026; doi:10.1038/s41591-025-04135-2 We have identified serum levels of extracellular domain of NOTCH3 (NOTCH3-ECD) as a biomarker that can reliably distinguish idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension from other forms of pulmonary hypertension and healthy controls. Our findings show that serum NOTCH3-ECD levels are as accurate as current standard-of-care clinical tests in predicting disease progression and mortality risk. Nature Medicine, Published online: 09 January 2026; doi:10.1038/s41591-025-04135-2 We have identified serum levels of extracellular domain of NOTCH3 (NOTCH3-ECD) as a biomarker that can reliably distinguish idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension from other forms of pulmonary hypertension and healthy controls. Our findings show that serum NOTCH3-ECD levels are as accurate as current standard-of-care clinical tests in predicting disease progression and mortality risk.
Nature Medicine, Published online: 13 January 2026; doi:10.1038/s41591-025-04157-w In this multicenter phase 1 trial of patients with advanced solid tumors resistant to anti-PD-1 therapy, treatment with the anti-latent TGFβ1 antibody linavonkibart with or without pembrolizumab was safe, and encouraging clinical response rates were associated with T cell infiltration and immune activation. Nature Medicine, Published online: 13 January 2026; doi:10.1038/s41591-025-04157-w In this multicenter phase 1 trial of patients with advanced solid tumors resistant to anti-PD-1 therapy, treatment with the anti-latent TGFβ1 antibody linavonkibart with or without pembrolizumab was safe, and encouraging clinical response rates were associated with T cell infiltration and immune activation.
Nature Medicine, Published online: 13 January 2026; doi:10.1038/s41591-025-04173-w In a randomized controlled trial that included 97 participants, 69% patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) allocated to a fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) achieved clinical response, and over 60% reached remission, outperforming the control group. The FMD also reduced markers of intestinal inflammation, suggesting this dietary intervention could serve as adjunctive treatment for CD. Nature Medicine, Published online: 13 January 2026; doi:10.1038/s41591-025-04173-w In a randomized controlled trial that included 97 participants, 69% patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) allocated to a fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) achieved clinical response, and over 60% reached remission, outperforming the control group. The FMD also reduced markers of intestinal inflammation, suggesting this dietary intervention could serve as adjunctive treatment for CD.
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Join us on January 21 as we welcome Dr. Li Shen, Professor of Informatics and Radiology at Perelman School of Medicine, UPenn, to present his lecture entitled “Harnessing AI and Informatics for Dementia and Aging Research” at our upcoming NLM Colloquia on Biomedical Data Science and Computational Biology Research. For more information: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/lectures.html
Public Health
The Lancet
Cocaine use has increased in Europe over the past decade, raising concerns regarding its associated harms. This increase is driven by the contemporary transformation of the international cocaine supply chain, which has led to increased availability, purity, and use rates. Cocaine use affects both health and society, challenging European countries’ health and social care capabilities and models. Addressing these challenges requires multisectoral collaboration to understand the issues better and develop appropriate public health strategies.
Nicotine pouch use has risen in Great Britain, primarily driven by sharp increases among young people, especially young men. Most users also smoked or vaped, and a growing proportion of smokers used pouches in attempts to quit smoking. These findings underscore the importance of implementing age-of-sale legislation for nicotine pouches and conducting research on their effectiveness for smoking cessation.
Like gaming, gambling is widespread among Italian adolescents, including minors. Findings indicate a convergence between these behaviours and suggest that gaming monetisation systems might engage psychological vulnerabilities similar to those involved in gambling, or even—although causal inferences cannot be drawn due to the limitations of the cross-sectional design—promote gambling participation and escalation.
Fletcher RA, Rockenschaub P, Neuen BL, et al. Contemporary epidemiology of hospitalised heart failure with reduced versus preserved ejection fraction in England: a retrospective, cohort study of whole-population electronic health records. Lancet Public Health 2024; 9: e871–85—In figure 1D of this Article, the annual change in incidence should have read “Reduced ejection fraction –2·6% (95% CI –9·5 to 4·8)” and “Preserved ejection fraction 2·5% (95% CI –3·7 to 9·2)”. This correction has been made as of Dec 3, 2025.
The PREVENT Project implementation study, published in the Lancet Public Health by Aime Powell and colleagues, showed success in cervical cancer screening for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women in Western Australia.1 The study's achievement of 36% participation rates and 95% same-day colposcopy completion among women who tested positive for human papillomavirus represents a major advance in addressing screening disparities that affect marginalised populations globally.
The sale of oral nicotine pouches across the world has substantially increased since 2018.1 Like snus (oral pouches containing tobacco), nicotine pouches deliver nicotine via the mouth when placed between the gum and lip or cheek. Snus is associated with lower mortality rates than combustible tobacco.2 Unlike snus, nicotine pouches contain no tobacco, so they are sometimes described as “tobacco free” or “white snus,” and are thought to be less harmful than snus.3 However, evidence is currently limited, and many existing studies have been conducted by nicotine pouch manufacturers.
840 million women and girls have experienced violence in their lifetime, according to WHO's latest prevalence estimates. In 2023, 11·4% of women experienced physical and/or sexual violence from an intimate partner. The latest Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2023 data provide insight into the health impacts of intimate partner violence (IPV) and sexual violence. Both reports reinforce violence against women (VAW) as a global public health crisis sparing no country. As we mark the UN Women Campaign 16 days of Activism against Gender-Based Violence, too many countries have seemingly forgotten that the sustainable development goal 5·2 aims to end violence against women and girls.
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ulcerative colitis has traditionally been regarded as a non-fibrotic, solely mucosal disease, whereas Crohn's disease is characterised by transmural inflammation and fibrosis. However, more recent evidence supports the existence of disease involvement beyond the mucosa in ulcerative colitis. Intestinal ultrasound has allowed for dynamic, in-vivo characterisation of the transmural alterations that occur in ulcerative colitis, such as increased bowel wall thickness, submucosal thickening, loss of bowel wall stratification, haustral loss, and mesenteric fibrofatty proliferation.
phys.org
Wiley
