[Series] Looking beyond bronchopulmonary dysplasia: prematurity-associated lung disease and its phenotypes

Preterm birth is increasingly recognised as a determinant of chronic respiratory disease across the life course. In this Series on prematurity-associated lung disease (PLD), we introduce the concept of PLD as a unifying framework for the diverse pulmonary consequences of preterm birth. Historically, most attention has focused on extremely preterm infants (<28 weeks of gestation) who develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), yet not all infants with BPD have long-term morbidity. Conversely, those born very (28–31 weeks), moderate (32–33 weeks), or late (34–36 weeks) preterm also have increased risk for developing lung disease.