[Viewpoint] Advances and future needs for modelling sustainable and just food systems transformations

Food systems underpin human health, livelihoods, and environmental sustainability; yet, they remain major contributors to climate change, biodiversity loss, and inequity. Building on the 2025 EAT–Lancet Commission on healthy, sustainable, and just food systems, a special collection of papers in The Lancet Planetary Health highlights emerging frontiers for research and modelling. Across models, dietary change remains the most effective lever for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and land-use pressure from food production, although affordability and nutritional adequacy challenges persist, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries.