[Correspondence] Interpreting substitution models in nutritional epidemiology: the case for the protective role of NOVA 1 foods over the risk of NOVA 4

23rd Dec, 2025

Planetary Health

The Lancet

We read with great interest an Article in The Lancet Planetary Health by Nathalie Kliemann and colleagues,1 who investigated the association between the intake of foods with different degrees of processing according to the NOVA classification2 and the total and site-specific incidence of cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. Undoubtedly, diet is a strong contributor to human health, specifically cancer risk, and public health authorities should identify and promote the most effective preventive diet models.

Published By: The Lancet

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[Correspondence] Interpreting substitution models in nutritional epidemiology: the case for the protective role of NOVA 1 foods over the risk of NOVA 4

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