[Comment] Cytokine-engineered CAR T-cell therapy in relapsed or refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

Anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy has established a new standard of care for children and adults with relapsed or refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (r/r B-ALL), culminating in the regulatory approval of three products associated with high rates of remission.1–3 However, the promise of currently available commercial CAR T-cell agents has been constrained by the loss of CAR persistence, resulting in suboptimal durability and high rates of CD19-positive relapse. Innovative approaches to circumvent this limitation include the development of armoured CAR T cells, in which the T cells are engineered to secrete immunomodulatory cytokines.