[Review] Emerging technologies and strategies in epilepsy surgery: toward personalised medicine

Epilepsy surgery, the treatment of choice for drug-resistant focal epilepsy, is evolving rapidly. This progress is driven by a growing interest in the network theory of epilepsy, advances in data-driven models, and a focus on personalised treatment approaches. As a result, treatment options have expanded to include minimally invasive procedures, neurostimulation devices, and network-based interventions. Predicting surgical outcomes—such as seizure freedom and neuropsychological effects—remains challenging but is improving through advances in computational technology and molecular research, paving the way for more precise surgery.