[Review] Brain structure in schizophrenia: what do we know and what next?

Meta-analyses and mega-analyses of structural MRI and diffusion MRI studies in thousands of people with schizophrenia have shown reduced brain volumes and structural connectivity relative to healthy control participants. Some of these structural differences probably present pre-morbidly. Severity of schizophrenia symptoms and cognitive impairment consistently correlate. Convergent findings with different analytical methods show that the results are not artefactual. Post-mortem studies add validity and point to a pathophysiology of reduced neuronal size and dendritic arborisation, which is multifactorial.