Inflammatory Knee Osteoarthritis Does Not Improve With Oral Diacerein

Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee results from deterioration of articular cartilage, often followed by hypertrophy of new bone at the periphery of the joint and synovial inflammation or synovitis. As knee OA progresses into more advanced stages, inflammation and pain prevalence occurs in well over 50%. The pathological development of OA occurs in stages. The cartilage matrix is first broken down by proteolytic enzymes. Matrix fragments are released into joint fluid, which can promote inflammation in the synovial membrane. Inflammation of the synovial membrane creates a vicious cycle, in which the cartilage matrix is further degraded, subsequently provoking more synovial inflammation. Inflammation in knee OA is primarily due to the presence of the cytokine interleukin 1 (IL-1β). This cytokine can stimulate its own production, which increases the synthesis of catabolic factors that degrade cartilage, resulting in chondrocyte apoptosis and decreasing cartilage macromolecule synthesis. Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee results from deterioration of articular cartilage, often followed by hypertrophy of new bone at the periphery of the joint and synovial inflammation or synovitis. As knee OA progresses into more advanced stages, inflammation and pain prevalence occurs in well over 50%. The pathological development of OA occurs in stages. The cartilage matrix is first broken down by proteolytic enzymes. Matrix fragments are released into joint fluid, which can promote inflammation in the synovial membrane. Inflammation of the synovial membrane creates a vicious cycle, in which the cartilage matrix is further degraded, subsequently provoking more synovial inflammation. Inflammation in knee OA is primarily due to the presence of the cytokine interleukin 1 (IL-1β). This cytokine can stimulate its own production, which increases the synthesis of catabolic factors that degrade cartilage, resulting in chondrocyte apoptosis and decreasing cartilage macromolecule synthesis.