[Editorial] Making prostate cancer screening fit for purpose

Prostate cancer incidence is predicted to double to 2·9 million cases by 2040. Men diagnosed with clinically significant prostate cancer have many effective treatment options, but questions remain regarding the best diagnostic pathway. The value of population-based prostate cancer screening using a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) threshold, for example, is long-debated and is not universally recommended because of concerns around the risk of overdiagnosis and overtreatment.