[Correspondence] First clinical pregnancy following AI-based microfluidic sperm detection and recovery in non-obstructive azoospermia

Male factor infertility accounts for up to 40% of infertility cases,1 with azoospermia and cryptozoospermia (conditions characterised by absent or extremely rare sperm in the ejaculate) comprising approximately 10–15% of these cases.2 For affected couples, diagnosis and treatment often involve years of repeated failed interventions, invasive procedures, and emotional distress. Management options typically include testicular sperm extraction3 or prolonged manual sperm searches by skilled embryologists, followed by intracytoplasmic sperm injection.