Convergent mutation trajectories convert functional self-tolerance in IGHV4-34 B cells to genetic tolerance encoded in the antibody

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 51, December 2025. SignificanceAnalysis of mice expressing a human autoantibody explains why many B cells making antibodies against self-antigens are not eliminated but circulate in a functionally tolerant state of anergy. Upon binding to a virus their progeny follow rapid, …