[Comment] Preventing vertical HIV transmission in India: the final push

Elimination of vertical HIV transmission is the cornerstone of achieving the goal to end HIV/AIDS as a public health threat by 2030.1 Globally, annual vertical HIV transmissions declined by 50% between 2010 and 2021, reflecting substantial progress.1 India, which is home to the world's second-largest HIV epidemic, with 2·6 million adults and children living with HIV in 2024, is pivotal to the global HIV response.1,2 India's coordinated efforts in the prevention of vertical transmission have substantially reduced paediatric HIV in the country, with the vertical transmission rate falling from over 40% in 2010 to 11·75% in 2022–23.