[Articles] Interplay between biological & social vulnerability and poor tuberculosis treatment outcome in Brazil: a nationwide study using multivariate modelling with excess risk

The superposition of interlacing social and biological vulnerabilities significantly worsened the risk of both death and LTFU in our population. Our study demonstrates that the joint effect of vulnerabilities on TB outcomes is not merely additive, but often synergistic, highlighting the importance of integrated and multisectoral interventions. These findings hallmark the need for policies that simultaneously address social and biological vulnerabilities to improve ATT success.