HCP Network – Latest Medical Journals, Research Articles & Clinical Updates

Ton‐Scale Industrial Optical Polycarbonate Film: Combining Full‐Color Phosphorescence and Various Photochromic

PC is used as the host to achieve doped films with both phosphorescence and photochromic properties, PC can be paired with dozens of phosphorescence guests and photochromic guests, achieving full‐color phosphorescence emission from blue to red, as well as rapid and reversible transitions from colorless to pink, red, or blue–purple. Abstract Polymer Polycarbonate (PC) is widely used in fields such as electronics, automobiles, building materials, and packaging is one of the most common plastics in human life. Herein, PC is used as the host to achieve doped films with both phosphorescence and photochromic properties. Importantly, the PC host has very excellent universality, can be paired with dozens of phosphorescence guests and a series of photochromic guests, achieving full‐color phosphorescence emission from blue to red, as well as rapid, sensitive, and reversible transitions from colorless to pink, red, or blue–purple. More surprisingly, compared to the thirteen commonly used host matrices, extensive data show that PC‐based doped materials have the best phosphorescence and photochromic properties, meaning that PC is the optimal host among them. Finally, large‐scale industrial preparation of doped film is achieved at the ton level, and the prepared doped film still has excellent optical properties, which can be directly used for product packaging. This work not only discovered that PC polymer is an excellent and overlooked host matrix, but also developed optical functional materials with direct commercial application value. PC is used as the host to achieve doped films with both phosphorescence and photochromic properties, PC can be paired with dozens of phosphorescence guests and photochromic guests, achieving full-color phosphorescence emission from blue to red, as well as rapid and reversible transitions from colorless to pink, red, or blue–purple. Abstract Polymer Polycarbonate (PC) is widely used in fields such as electronics, automobiles, building materials, and packaging is one of the most common plastics in human life. Herein, PC is used as the host to achieve doped films with both phosphorescence and photochromic properties. Importantly, the PC host has very excellent universality, can be paired with dozens of phosphorescence guests and a series of photochromic guests, achieving full-color phosphorescence emission from blue to red, as well as rapid, sensitive, and reversible transitions from colorless to pink, red, or blue–purple. More surprisingly, compared to the thirteen commonly used host matrices, extensive data show that PC -based doped materials have the best phosphorescence and photochromic properties, meaning that PC is the optimal host among them. Finally, large-scale industrial preparation of doped film is achieved at the ton level, and the prepared doped film still has excellent optical properties, which can be directly used for product packaging. This work not only discovered that PC polymer is an excellent and overlooked host matrix, but also developed optical functional materials with direct commercial application value. Advanced Science, Volume 12, Issue 48, December 29, 2025.

Electrostatically Induced Intercalation of Layered Double Hydroxide in Graphene Oxide for Enhanced Electrochemical Energy Storage

Electrostatically intercalated MgAl‐layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets act as non‐redox spacers to prevent rGO restacking via a self‐assembly process. Such layer‐by‐layer structure provides accessible nano‐channels for rapid ion transport, exhibiting high capacitance (410 F g−1) with robust retention and cycling stability. This strategy provides a scalable method of designing the layered 2D materials for next‐generation supercapacitors. Abstract Graphene‐based materials have great potential for electrochemical energy storage applications, but their performance is often limited by the restacking of nanosheets, which restricts ion accessibility. In this study, a straightforward method to fabricate reduced graphene oxide (rGO) laminates intercalated with magnesium–aluminium layered double hydroxide (MgAl‐LDH) nanosheets is presented. Due to electrostatic interactions, the positively charged LDH nanosheets strongly bind to the negatively charged rGO layers, forming a stable, alternating laminar structure with well‐defined nano‐capillaries. Detailed characterization confirms the intended architecture of the rGO‐LDH hybrid. Electrochemical analysis shows nearly ideal electric double‐layer capacitor (EDLC) behavior, with the rGO‐LDH reaching a specific capacitance of up to 410 F g−1 at 1 A g−1. This work highlights the vital role of LDH nanosheets as interlayer spacers that effectively prevent restacking, providing new insights into designing 2D materials for high‐performance supercapacitors and energy storage systems. Electrostatically intercalated MgAl-layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets act as non-redox spacers to prevent rGO restacking via a self-assembly process. Such layer-by-layer structure provides accessible nano-channels for rapid ion transport, exhibiting high capacitance (410 F g −1 ) with robust retention and cycling stability. This strategy provides a scalable method of designing the layered 2D materials for next-generation supercapacitors. Abstract Graphene-based materials have great potential for electrochemical energy storage applications, but their performance is often limited by the restacking of nanosheets, which restricts ion accessibility. In this study, a straightforward method to fabricate reduced graphene oxide (rGO) laminates intercalated with magnesium–aluminium layered double hydroxide (MgAl-LDH) nanosheets is presented. Due to electrostatic interactions, the positively charged LDH nanosheets strongly bind to the negatively charged rGO layers, forming a stable, alternating laminar structure with well-defined nano-capillaries. Detailed characterization confirms the intended architecture of the rGO-LDH hybrid. Electrochemical analysis shows nearly ideal electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) behavior, with the rGO-LDH reaching a specific capacitance of up to 410 F g −1 at 1 A g −1. This work highlights the vital role of LDH nanosheets as interlayer spacers that effectively prevent restacking, providing new insights into designing 2D materials for high-performance supercapacitors and energy storage systems. Advanced Science, Volume 12, Issue 48, December 29, 2025.

Type‐I Heterostructure CdZnS/ZnS Core/Shell Quantum Dots Scintillators for Stable, High‐Resolution, and Real‐Time X‐Ray Imaging

Ultra‐bright Cd0.27Zn0.73S/7 ML‐ZnS core/shell quantum dots exhibit a photoluminescence quantum yield exceeding 96% and a fourfold enhancement in radioluminescence intensity compared to CsPbBr3. Variable‐temperature photophysical analysis reveals that the narrowband emission originates from direct recombination of edge excitons. These quantum dots feature nanosecond‐scale exciton lifetimes and demonstrate exceptional thermal, radiative, and aqueous stability under X‐ray exposure. Furthermore, integration with anodic aluminum oxide templates enables high‐resolution imaging of dynamic targets. Abstract Real‐time X‐ray imaging plays a critical role in medical diagnostics (e.g., cardiovascular and pulmonary monitoring), nondestructive evaluation, and in situ investigations of dynamic material processes. However, commonly used scintillators in medical imaging, CsI(Tl), suffer from an intrinsically long decay time (> 100 ms), which severely limits their suitability for high‐temporal‐resolution dynamic imaging. Herein, this study systematically employs surface defect passivation and carrier non‐radiative recombination suppression strategies to successfully construct Cd0.27Zn0.73S/7 ML‐ZnS core/shell quantum dots (QDs) with a type‐I band alignment. Such QDs exhibit ultrahigh photoluminescence quantum yield of over 96%, ultrafast carrier recombination dynamics with a decay time of 1.15 ns, and outstanding chemical stability. By innovatively applying anodic aluminum oxide templates to induce nano‐confinement effects, ordered assembly and directional emission control of the QDs are achieved within nanopore arrays, achieving a spatial resolution of up to 12.04 lp mm−1. Leveraging this engineered scintillation platform, a high‐performance real‐time X‐ray imaging system with a frame rate of 60 fps (2 K resolution) is further developed. Compared to traditional computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging technologies, this system achieves significant improvement in temporal resolution, enabling effective capture of dynamic information from transient physiological processes. Ultra-bright Cd 0.27 Zn 0.73 S/7 ML-ZnS core/shell quantum dots exhibit a photoluminescence quantum yield exceeding 96% and a fourfold enhancement in radioluminescence intensity compared to CsPbBr 3. Variable-temperature photophysical analysis reveals that the narrowband emission originates from direct recombination of edge excitons. These quantum dots feature nanosecond-scale exciton lifetimes and demonstrate exceptional thermal, radiative, and aqueous stability under X-ray exposure. Furthermore, integration with anodic aluminum oxide templates enables high-resolution imaging of dynamic targets. Abstract Real-time X-ray imaging plays a critical role in medical diagnostics (e.g., cardiovascular and pulmonary monitoring), nondestructive evaluation, and in situ investigations of dynamic material processes. However, commonly used scintillators in medical imaging, CsI(Tl), suffer from an intrinsically long decay time (> 100 ms), which severely limits their suitability for high-temporal-resolution dynamic imaging. Herein, this study systematically employs surface defect passivation and carrier non-radiative recombination suppression strategies to successfully construct Cd 0.27 Zn 0.73 S/7 ML-ZnS core/shell quantum dots (QDs) with a type-I band alignment. Such QDs exhibit ultrahigh photoluminescence quantum yield of over 96%, ultrafast carrier recombination dynamics with a decay time of 1.15 ns, and outstanding chemical stability. By innovatively applying anodic aluminum oxide templates to induce nano-confinement effects, ordered assembly and directional emission control of the QDs are achieved within nanopore arrays, achieving a spatial resolution of up to 12.04 lp mm −1. Leveraging this engineered scintillation platform, a high-performance real-time X-ray imaging system with a frame rate of 60 fps (2 K resolution) is further developed. Compared to traditional computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging technologies, this system achieves significant improvement in temporal resolution, enabling effective capture of dynamic information from transient physiological processes. Advanced Science, Volume 12, Issue 48, December 29, 2025.

Tunable Photoluminescent and Photothermal Properties of Organic Cocrystals Containing Hydrogen‐Bonded Interlocked Planar Molecules

Engineering intramolecular hydrogen‐bonded planar architectures provides a versatile strategy for modulating the photoluminescent and photothermal behaviors of organic cocrystals. This work not only overcomes the limitations of selecting conjugated (hetero)aromatic compounds to meet the requirements of planarity and rigidity for cocrystal precursors, but also bridges the gap between monomer and their cocrystals. Abstract Expanding the structural diversity of precursor molecules can inject greater vitality into the development of cocrystal engineering. Here, two hydrogen‐bond interlocked planar molecules, HNAO and HPAO is reported, which coassemble with 1,2,4,5‐tetracyanobenzene (TCB) into charge‐transfer (CT) cocrystals NTC and PTC. The resulting NTC inherits two‐photon adsorption properties from HNAO, with the bathochromic shift enhanced by synergistic ESIPT and CT interactions, ultimately achieving near‐infrared emission. Remarkably, the intramolecular hydrogen bonds lock the molecule into a planar and ordered conformation, enabling regular face‐to‐face packing in NTC organic microwires and yielding the lowest optical‐loss coefficient (0.021 dB/µm) of organic cocrystal to date, thereby demonstrating great potential for applications in optical computing systems. In contrast, the extremely low energy gap between the HOMO of HPAO and the LUMO of TCB in PTC drives a dramatically higher degree of CT in its excited states, predominantly facilitating non‐radiative transitions and resulting in non‐emissive behavior. Nevertheless, this trade‐off enables efficient NIR‐I photothermal conversion (η = 47.7%) and excellent photostability, making PTC highly effective for rapid photothermal imaging and breakthrough time‐dependent information encryption applications. This work enriches the library of cocrystals and provides a novel strategy for tailoring the properties of cocrystal materials. Engineering intramolecular hydrogen-bonded planar architectures provides a versatile strategy for modulating the photoluminescent and photothermal behaviors of organic cocrystals. This work not only overcomes the limitations of selecting conjugated (hetero)aromatic compounds to meet the requirements of planarity and rigidity for cocrystal precursors, but also bridges the gap between monomer and their cocrystals. Abstract Expanding the structural diversity of precursor molecules can inject greater vitality into the development of cocrystal engineering. Here, two hydrogen-bond interlocked planar molecules, HNAO and HPAO is reported, which coassemble with 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene (TCB) into charge-transfer (CT) cocrystals NTC and PTC. The resulting NTC inherits two-photon adsorption properties from HNAO, with the bathochromic shift enhanced by synergistic ESIPT and CT interactions, ultimately achieving near-infrared emission. Remarkably, the intramolecular hydrogen bonds lock the molecule into a planar and ordered conformation, enabling regular face-to-face packing in NTC organic microwires and yielding the lowest optical-loss coefficient (0.021 dB/µm) of organic cocrystal to date, thereby demonstrating great potential for applications in optical computing systems. In contrast, the extremely low energy gap between the HOMO of HPAO and the LUMO of TCB in PTC drives a dramatically higher degree of CT in its excited states, predominantly facilitating non-radiative transitions and resulting in non-emissive behavior. Nevertheless, this trade-off enables efficient NIR-I photothermal conversion (η = 47.7%) and excellent photostability, making PTC highly effective for rapid photothermal imaging and breakthrough time-dependent information encryption applications. This work enriches the library of cocrystals and provides a novel strategy for tailoring the properties of cocrystal materials. Advanced Science, Volume 12, Issue 48, December 29, 2025.

Bioinspired Cellulose‐Based Ultra‐Slippery Film with Superior Transmittance, Anti‐Fouling and De‐Icing Properties for the Durable and Efficient Output of Solar Panels

Accumulations of ice, dust, bird droppings, and algae pose a significant risk of reducing the energy‐conversion efficiency of solar panels. Here, an articular cartilage‐inspired cellulose‐based ultra‐slippery film with highly comprehensive performances is reported. Specifically, the bioinspired film integrates superior optical transparency, anti‐fouling and de‐icing properties, which can ensure the durable and efficient power generation of solar panels. Abstract High optical transmittance can endow solar panels with sufficient light energy intake, while anti‐fouling and anti‐icing properties ensure stable power generation in environments where dust, bird droppings, algae, and ice are prone to accumulate. A highly transparent and ultra‐slippery surface is promising for meeting these requirements. However, it remains a huge challenge to achieve superior transmittance, anti‐fouling, anti‐icing, and durability on the same surface to ensure high energy conversion efficiency for solar panels. Herein, a bioinspired cellulose‐based ultra‐slippery film (BCUSF) with an extremely low water sliding angle (SA = 0.4°) and high transmittance (≈95% of bake glass) is reported. Benefiting from the impressive slippery property, remarkably low ice adhesion strength (0.38 kPa), and superior self‐cleaning and anti‐fouling performances are also demonstrated. Moreover, the BCUSF exhibits excellent durability and robustness, maintaining a SA of 0.8° after suffering high shear at 9000 r min−1. Accordingly, the BCUSF with highly comprehensive performance enables solar panels to maintain high energy‐conversion efficiency after repeated accumulation/cleaning of ice (ice adhesion strength = 0.91 kPa after 25 tests) and dust, or sand impact. It is envisioned that the BCUSF can boost the practical applications of slippery films on solar panels. Accumulations of ice, dust, bird droppings, and algae pose a significant risk of reducing the energy-conversion efficiency of solar panels. Here, a n articular cartilage-inspired cellulose-based ultra-slippery film with highly comprehensive performances is reported. Specifically, the bioinspired film integrates superior optical transparency, anti-fouling and de-icing properties, which can ensure the durable and efficient power generation of solar panels. Abstract High optical transmittance can endow solar panels with sufficient light energy intake, while anti-fouling and anti-icing properties ensure stable power generation in environments where dust, bird droppings, algae, and ice are prone to accumulate. A highly transparent and ultra-slippery surface is promising for meeting these requirements. However, it remains a huge challenge to achieve superior transmittance, anti-fouling, anti-icing, and durability on the same surface to ensure high energy conversion efficiency for solar panels. Herein, a bioinspired cellulose-based ultra-slippery film (BCUSF) with an extremely low water sliding angle (SA = 0.4°) and high transmittance (≈95% of bake glass) is reported. Benefiting from the impressive slippery property, remarkably low ice adhesion strength (0.38 kPa), and superior self-cleaning and anti-fouling performances are also demonstrated. Moreover, the BCUSF exhibits excellent durability and robustness, maintaining a SA of 0.8° after suffering high shear at 9000 r min −1. Accordingly, the BCUSF with highly comprehensive performance enables solar panels to maintain high energy-conversion efficiency after repeated accumulation/cleaning of ice (ice adhesion strength = 0.91 kPa after 25 tests) and dust, or sand impact. It is envisioned that the BCUSF can boost the practical applications of slippery films on solar panels. Advanced Science, Volume 12, Issue 48, December 29, 2025.

Enabling Robust N‐Type Perovskite Field‐Effect Transistors Through an TiO2 Interlayer Strategy

An ultrathin TiO2 interlayer strategy is developed for fabricating high‐performance, lead‐based, N‐type perovskite field‐effect transistors. This method improves film quality, reduces defects, and suppresses ion migration, enabling reproducible and stable devices. The strategy is successfully applied to both 3D (MAPbI3) and 2D Dion‐Jacobson phase perovskites, demonstrating its broad applicability and paving the way for perovskite‐based circuits. Abstract Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) show tremendous potential for field‐effect transistors (FETs), but N‐type Pbbased MHP FETs have been hindered by critical challenges, including high defect densities, ion migration, and poor reproducibility. In this work, a simple yet powerful ultrathin TiO2 interlayer strategy is introduced that fundamentally transforms the fabrication of Pb‐based MHP FETs. By pre‐depositing an ultrathin TiO2 layer before perovskite film deposition, reproducible and operationally stable MAPbI3 FETs with remarkable performance are achieved. Comprehensive characterizations reveal that the TiO2 interlayer enhances precursor wetting, promotes larger and more uniform grain formation, reduces defect density, and effectively suppresses non‐radiative recombination and ion migration. The universality of this approach is demonstrated by successfully extending it to 2D Dion‐Jacobson phase perovskites, including PDAPbI4 and its derivatives. The fabricated devices exhibit excellent electrical characteristics, including high on/off ratios, low hysteresis, and impressive stability. As a proof of concept, a complementary inverter is constructed using perovskite‐only components, showcasing the potential for integrated logic circuits. This work provides a robust fabrication method for high‐performance Pb‐based perovskite FETs with broad applicability. An ultrathin TiO 2 interlayer strategy is developed for fabricating high-performance, lead-based, N-type perovskite field-effect transistors. This method improves film quality, reduces defects, and suppresses ion migration, enabling reproducible and stable devices. The strategy is successfully applied to both 3D (MAPbI 3 ) and 2D Dion-Jacobson phase perovskites, demonstrating its broad applicability and paving the way for perovskite-based circuits. Abstract Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) show tremendous potential for field-effect transistors (FETs), but N-type Pbbased MHP FETs have been hindered by critical challenges, including high defect densities, ion migration, and poor reproducibility. In this work, a simple yet powerful ultrathin TiO 2 interlayer strategy is introduced that fundamentally transforms the fabrication of Pb-based MHP FETs. By pre-depositing an ultrathin TiO 2 layer before perovskite film deposition, reproducible and operationally stable MAPbI 3 FETs with remarkable performance are achieved. Comprehensive characterizations reveal that the TiO 2 interlayer enhances precursor wetting, promotes larger and more uniform grain formation, reduces defect density, and effectively suppresses non-radiative recombination and ion migration. The universality of this approach is demonstrated by successfully extending it to 2D Dion-Jacobson phase perovskites, including PDAPbI 4 and its derivatives. The fabricated devices exhibit excellent electrical characteristics, including high on/off ratios, low hysteresis, and impressive stability. As a proof of concept, a complementary inverter is constructed using perovskite-only components, showcasing the potential for integrated logic circuits. This work provides a robust fabrication method for high-performance Pb-based perovskite FETs with broad applicability. Advanced Science, Volume 12, Issue 48, December 29, 2025.

Pre‐Constructed Mechano‐Electrochemical Adaptive Solid Electrolyte Interphase to Enhance Li+ Diffusion Kinetics and Interface Stability for Chemically Prelithiated SiO Anodes

Silicon oxide (SiO) is emerging as the most advanced anode material. Herein, we propose a chemical prelithiation‐mediated strategy for SiO, which improves initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and pre‐constructs a mechano‐electrochemical adaptive solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Notably, the mechano‐electrochemical adaptive SEI enriched with LiF, Li3N, and ZrO2 components exhibits outstanding electrochemical reaction kinetics and mechanical durability. Abstract The development of silicon monoxide (SiO) anode in high‐energy lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) is challenged by low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and significant volume expansion. Although chemical prelithiation can enhance the ICE of SiO, it inevitably induces volume expansion in advance and suffers the inferior air stability. Herein, a chemical prelithiation‐mediated strategy is proposed that pre‐constructs a mechano‐electrochemical adaptive solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) through the spontaneous reaction of ammonium hexafluorozirconate (Ah) with the chemically prelithiated SiO anode (Pr‐SiO). The mechano‐electrochemical adaptive SEI, enriched with LiF, Li3N, and ZrO2 components, exhibits a unique structure of “rigid inside and flexible outside” to enhance electrochemical reaction kinetics and mechanical durability. The Pr‐SiO with the adaptive SEI (Ah‐Pr‐SiO) possesses high ICE (99.4%), fast Li+ diffusion kinetics, and superior cycle stability (1435.8 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles). Notably, the designed Ah‐Pr‐SiO reveals high hydrophobicity and air stability, leading to feasible industrial compatibility. The assembled pouch cell (LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2//Ah‐Pr‐SiO) exhibits stable cycling with a high energy density (346.6 Wh kg−1). This work provides a novel chemical prelithiation‐mediated pre‐constructed SEI strategy, offering the possibility of designing an advanced SEI for Si‐based anodes toward high energy density long‐life lithium‐ion batteries. Silicon oxide (SiO) is emerging as the most advanced anode material. Herein, we propose a chemical prelithiation-mediated strategy for SiO, which improves initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and pre-constructs a mechano-electrochemical adaptive solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Notably, the mechano-electrochemical adaptive SEI enriched with LiF, Li 3 N, and ZrO 2 components exhibits outstanding electrochemical reaction kinetics and mechanical durability. Abstract The development of silicon monoxide (SiO) anode in high-energy lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is challenged by low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and significant volume expansion. Although chemical prelithiation can enhance the ICE of SiO, it inevitably induces volume expansion in advance and suffers the inferior air stability. Herein, a chemical prelithiation-mediated strategy is proposed that pre-constructs a mechano-electrochemical adaptive solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) through the spontaneous reaction of ammonium hexafluorozirconate (Ah) with the chemically prelithiated SiO anode (Pr-SiO). The mechano-electrochemical adaptive SEI, enriched with LiF, Li 3 N, and ZrO 2 components, exhibits a unique structure of “rigid inside and flexible outside” to enhance electrochemical reaction kinetics and mechanical durability. The Pr-SiO with the adaptive SEI (Ah-Pr-SiO) possesses high ICE (99.4%), fast Li + diffusion kinetics, and superior cycle stability (1435.8 mAh g −1 after 200 cycles). Notably, the designed Ah-Pr-SiO reveals high hydrophobicity and air stability, leading to feasible industrial compatibility. The assembled pouch cell (LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 //Ah-Pr-SiO) exhibits stable cycling with a high energy density (346.6 Wh kg −1 ). This work provides a novel chemical prelithiation-mediated pre-constructed SEI strategy, offering the possibility of designing an advanced SEI for Si-based anodes toward high energy density long-life lithium-ion batteries. Advanced Science, Volume 12, Issue 48, December 29, 2025.

Dual Regulation on Structure‐Interface Enables Coal‐Tar‐Pitch‐Based Hard Carbon Anodes with High Rate and Storage Performance for Sodium Ion Batteries

This study utilizes coal tar pitch (waste product generated during the coal conversion process) as a raw material. The core concept of synergistic “structure‐interface” regulation, an innovative system from molecular design to microcrystalline optimization, pore reconstruction, and interface regulation is proposed. The fabricated HPCV5‐1200 exhibits high initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) (91.6%) and excellent rate performance. Abstract Coal‐tar‐pitches‐based hard carbons (HCs) are regarded as promising anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). However, designing optimal microstructures and surface chemical states of carbon anodes to enhance Na+ diffusion kinetics remains a key challenge for superior sodium storage. Herein, a novel strategy of molecular crosslinking‐coupled chemical vapor deposition (CVD) with further post‐heat treatment is proposed. This approach utilizes molecular cross‐linking to restrict the strong π–π interactions among the aromatic rings of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the coal tar pitches (CTPs) when simultaneously introducing the developed pore structures with large interlayer spacing into the carbon matrix. The surface carbon coatings by the CVD method can facilitate the transition from the open pores to closed pores. The subsequent post‐treatment can effectively regulate the surface chemistry of carbon anodes. Benefiting from the dual regulations on structure‐interface, the optimized HPCV5‐1200 exhibited a high initial cycle efficiency (ICE) of 91.6% and 320.2 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles at 0.2 A g−1. Moreover, the HPCV5‐1200 demonstrated the superior rate capacity (112.6 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1) with 53.1% of reversible capacity below 0.1 V. Furthermore, the Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP)//HPCV5‐1200 full cell exposes the high energy density of 233.5 Wh kg−1, with desirable cycling stability and rate performance. This study utilizes coal tar pitch (waste product generated during the coal conversion process) as a raw material. The core concept of synergistic “structure-interface” regulation, an innovative system from molecular design to microcrystalline optimization, pore reconstruction, and interface regulation is proposed. The fabricated HPCV5-1200 exhibits high initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) (91.6%) and excellent rate performance. Abstract Coal-tar-pitches-based hard carbons (HCs) are regarded as promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). However, designing optimal microstructures and surface chemical states of carbon anodes to enhance Na + diffusion kinetics remains a key challenge for superior sodium storage. Herein, a novel strategy of molecular crosslinking-coupled chemical vapor deposition (CVD) with further post-heat treatment is proposed. This approach utilizes molecular cross-linking to restrict the strong π – π interactions among the aromatic rings of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the coal tar pitches (CTPs) when simultaneously introducing the developed pore structures with large interlayer spacing into the carbon matrix. The surface carbon coatings by the CVD method can facilitate the transition from the open pores to closed pores. The subsequent post-treatment can effectively regulate the surface chemistry of carbon anodes. Benefiting from the dual regulations on structure-interface, the optimized HPCV5-1200 exhibited a high initial cycle efficiency (ICE) of 91.6% and 320.2 mAh g −1 after 300 cycles at 0.2 A g −1. Moreover, the HPCV5-1200 demonstrated the superior rate capacity (112.6 mAh g −1 at 10 A g −1 ) with 53.1% of reversible capacity below 0.1 V. Furthermore, the Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 (NVP)//HPCV5-1200 full cell exposes the high energy density of 233.5 Wh kg −1, with desirable cycling stability and rate performance. Advanced Science, Volume 12, Issue 48, December 29, 2025.

Spatial Transcriptomics and snRNA‐seq Expose CAF Niches Orchestrating Dual Stromal‐Immune Barriers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

HmmyCAFs may form a triple immunosuppressive niche: possibly secrete ECM (POSTN, etc.) as physical barriers to block CD8⁺ T cells, induce CD8⁺ T exhaustion via those molecules, and use HIF‐1α‐driven metabolism to create acidic, nutrient‐poor microenvironments that suppress T cells. Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) exhibits profound spatial heterogeneity driving therapeutic resistance, while the role of cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in orchestrating immunosuppressive niches remains incompletely defined. This study integrates single‐nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA‐seq) and spatial transcriptomics (stRNA‐seq) to map the cellular and molecular landscape of HCC. snRNA‐seq identifies key cell populations—including fibroblasts, T_NK cells, and endothelial cells—using canonical marker genes. Spatial transcriptomics maps gene expression across tumor regions (core, invasive front, stroma) via the robust cell type decomposition (RCTD) algorithm. Immunofluorescence validates collagen deposition and POSTN spatial distribution, confirming T‐cell exclusion patterns. The analysis identifies hypoxic metabolic myofibroblasts (hmmyCAFs) as central regulators of the tumor microenvironment. hmmyCAFs enrich at the invasive front, forming collagen‐rich barriers that physically exclude CD8⁺ T cells. Simultaneously, they secrete POSTN to suppress immune checkpoint signaling and drive hypoxia‐mediated glycolytic reprogramming of T‐cell metabolism. Clinically, hmmyCAF activity and POSTN expression correlate with reduced progression‐free survival and immunotherapy resistance. This multimodal study defines hmmyCAFs as triple architects of physical immunosuppression, molecular regulation, and metabolic remodeling. By linking collagen remodeling, POSTN‐mediated checkpoint inhibition, and hypoxia‐driven metabolic reprogramming to clinical outcomes, hmmyCAFs and POSTN may serve as potential indicators for evaluating the efficacy of immunotherapy in HCC. HmmyCAFs may form a triple immunosuppressive niche: possibly secrete ECM (POSTN, etc.) as physical barriers to block CD8⁺ T cells, induce CD8⁺ T exhaustion via those molecules, and use HIF-1α-driven metabolism to create acidic, nutrient-poor microenvironments that suppress T cells. Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) exhibits profound spatial heterogeneity driving therapeutic resistance, while the role of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in orchestrating immunosuppressive niches remains incompletely defined. This study integrates single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) and spatial transcriptomics (stRNA-seq) to map the cellular and molecular landscape of HCC. snRNA-seq identifies key cell populations—including fibroblasts, T_NK cells, and endothelial cells—using canonical marker genes. Spatial transcriptomics maps gene expression across tumor regions (core, invasive front, stroma) via the robust cell type decomposition (RCTD) algorithm. Immunofluorescence validates collagen deposition and POSTN spatial distribution, confirming T-cell exclusion patterns. The analysis identifies hypoxic metabolic myofibroblasts (hmmyCAFs) as central regulators of the tumor microenvironment. hmmyCAFs enrich at the invasive front, forming collagen-rich barriers that physically exclude CD8⁺ T cells. Simultaneously, they secrete POSTN to suppress immune checkpoint signaling and drive hypoxia-mediated glycolytic reprogramming of T-cell metabolism. Clinically, hmmyCAF activity and POSTN expression correlate with reduced progression-free survival and immunotherapy resistance. This multimodal study defines hmmyCAFs as triple architects of physical immunosuppression, molecular regulation, and metabolic remodeling. By linking collagen remodeling, POSTN-mediated checkpoint inhibition, and hypoxia-driven metabolic reprogramming to clinical outcomes, hmmyCAFs and POSTN may serve as potential indicators for evaluating the efficacy of immunotherapy in HCC. Advanced Science, Volume 12, Issue 48, December 29, 2025.

Efficient Manipulation of Magnetic Domain Wall by Dual Spin‐Orbit Torque in Synthetic Antiferromagnets

Dual spin‐orbit torque coming from two Pt layers effectively drives the magnetic domain wall motion (DWM) in a synthetic antiferromagnet consisting of two Co ferromagnetic layers coupled with interlayer exchange coupling (IEC). In addition, the antisymmetric version of IEC leads to low current density for nucleating DW and fast velocity of DWM, improving the performance of magnetic DW devices. Abstract Current‐induced domain‐wall motion (CIDWM) in a synthetic antiferromagnet is a key phenomenon for developing potential high‐density‐packed magnetic domain‐wall memory with fast operation. Here, CIDWM is reported in the antiferromagnetically‐coupled two Co layers through the Ir interlayer sandwiched by the two Pt layers: Pt/Co/Ir/Co/Pt. The top and bottom Pt layers play a role for generating the spin current coming from the spin Hall effect, which gives rise to the dual spin‐orbit torque (SOT) acting on the perpendicular magnetizations of the Co layers. Although a simple argument would predict that SOTs from top and bottom Pt layers cancel each other out, the dual SOT nucleates a reversed magnetic domain and drives the CIDWM effectively at current density of the order of 1011 A m−2. This study also examines the effect of antisymmetric interlayer exchange coupling (AIEC) on CIDWM. A positive correlation between the magnitude of AIEC and the domain wall velocity is found, whereas the current density required for nucleating the reversed domain shows a negative correlation with the magnitude of AIEC. These facts suggest that the existence of AIEC improves the performance of CIDWM. The present results provide a new avenue to design SOT domain wall devices based on a synthetic antiferromagnet. Dual spin-orbit torque coming from two Pt layers effectively drives the magnetic domain wall motion (DWM) in a synthetic antiferromagnet consisting of two Co ferromagnetic layers coupled with interlayer exchange coupling (IEC). In addition, the antisymmetric version of IEC leads to low current density for nucleating DW and fast velocity of DWM, improving the performance of magnetic DW devices. Abstract Current-induced domain-wall motion (CIDWM) in a synthetic antiferromagnet is a key phenomenon for developing potential high-density-packed magnetic domain-wall memory with fast operation. Here, CIDWM is reported in the antiferromagnetically-coupled two Co layers through the Ir interlayer sandwiched by the two Pt layers: Pt/Co/Ir/Co/Pt. The top and bottom Pt layers play a role for generating the spin current coming from the spin Hall effect, which gives rise to the dual spin-orbit torque (SOT) acting on the perpendicular magnetizations of the Co layers. Although a simple argument would predict that SOTs from top and bottom Pt layers cancel each other out, the dual SOT nucleates a reversed magnetic domain and drives the CIDWM effectively at current density of the order of 10 11 A m −2. This study also examines the effect of antisymmetric interlayer exchange coupling (AIEC) on CIDWM. A positive correlation between the magnitude of AIEC and the domain wall velocity is found, whereas the current density required for nucleating the reversed domain shows a negative correlation with the magnitude of AIEC. These facts suggest that the existence of AIEC improves the performance of CIDWM. The present results provide a new avenue to design SOT domain wall devices based on a synthetic antiferromagnet. Advanced Science, Volume 12, Issue 48, December 29, 2025.